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Microsensors and Systems for Water Quality Determination

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

Part of the book series: Micro/Nano Technologies ((MNT,volume 2))

Abstract

Water pollution is serious in many countries, and eutrophication and heavy metals are the main pollutants. Cost-effective, miniaturized and highly sensitive sensors for on-site detection and online monitoring of water quality have attracted more attentions. In this chapter, several microsensors and systems are presented for highly sensitive detection of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Hg2+), which are main indicators for eutrophication and heavy metals pollution. As the effective ways to improve the sensitivity and the limit of detection, several sensitivity-enrichment methods such as nano-materials modification on microelectrodes, and pretreatment processes such as thermally assisted ultraviolet digestion and ionic-liquid based preconcentration are also introduced. The electrochemical microsensors were fabricated by MEMS-based bulk fabrication process, and integrated with microfluidic units to realize a continuous monitoring of trace pollution targets. A buoy-based automated analytical system was developed by integrating central controller module, sequential injection module, and electrochemical analytical module together, and it was applied to online monitoring of water quality in fresh waters.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2015CB352100).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, North 4th Ring Road West, Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Shanhong Xia, Jianhua Tong, Chao Bian, Jizhou Sun & Yang Li

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  1. Shanhong Xia
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  2. Jianhua Tong
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  3. Chao Bian
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  4. Jizhou Sun
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  5. Yang Li
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Correspondence to Shanhong Xia .

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  1. Southeast University, Nanjing, China

    Qing-An Huang

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Xia, S., Tong, J., Bian, C., Sun, J., Li, Y. (2017). Microsensors and Systems for Water Quality Determination. In: Huang, QA. (eds) Micro Electro Mechanical Systems. Micro/Nano Technologies, vol 2. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2798-7_13-1

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