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Hormones and Cerebellar Development

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Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

Abstract

Cerebellar development involves various epigenetic processes that activate specific genes at different time points. The epigenetic influences include humoral influences from endocrine cells. Among circulating hormones, a group of small lipophilic hormones such as steroids (corticosteroids, progesterone, androgens, and estrogens) and thyroid hormone may particularly serve an important role in mediating environmental influences to the cerebellum. Receptors for such lipophilic hormones are mainly located in the cell nucleus (nuclear receptor, NR), and represent the largest family of ligand-regulated transcription factors. In the cerebellum, these are expressed in a specific temporal and spatial pattern. Among lipophilic hormones, involvement of thyroid hormone and gonadal steroids on cerebellar development has been well studied. Deficiency of thyroid hormone during postnatal development results in abnormal cerebellar morphogenesis in rodents. Estrogen and progesterone also play an important role in this process. In addition to the supply from circulation, several gonadal steroids are produced locally within the Purkinje cell (neurosteroids). In this chapter, the effect of thyroid and steroid hormones are separately discussed. Neurosteroids that are locally synthesized in the cerebellum are discussed in Chap. 42, “Neurosteroids and Synaptic Formation in the Cerebellum”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, 371-8511, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Prof. Noriyuki Koibuchi

  2. Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, 236-0044, Yokohama, Japan

    Dr. Yayoi Ikeda

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  1. Prof. Noriyuki Koibuchi
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Correspondence to Noriyuki Koibuchi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Unité d'Etude du Mouvement (UEM), FNRS, Neurologie ULB Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium

    Mario Manto

  2. Ataxia Unit, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy D. Schmahmann

  3. Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy

    Ferdinando Rossi

  4. Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Department (MIND), The Scripps Research Institute, California, CA, USA

    Donna L. Gruol

  5. Department of Integrative Physiolgy, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

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Koibuchi, N., Ikeda, Y. (2013). Hormones and Cerebellar Development. In: Manto, M., Schmahmann, J.D., Rossi, F., Gruol, D.L., Koibuchi, N. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_16

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