Zusammenfassung
Der Begriff der Öffentlichkeit ist zentral für die Analyse der modernen, amerikanischen Gesellschaft. An ihm kristallisieren sich exemplarisch gesellschaftliche Aushandlungsprozesse über demokratische Teilhabe, politische Willensbildung und die technologischen Grundlagen von öffentlicher Kommunikation. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Medien und Infrastrukturen dieser Öffentlichkeit in den USA seit dem 19. Jahrhundert in Bezug auf Journalismus und soziale Medien der Gegenwart. Im ersten Teil wird die Anfangsphase der Massenpresse als eine grundlegende Konstellation der journalistischen Öffentlichkeit erläutert, die mit dem Aufkommen des Internet und der sozialen Medien seit Beginn der 2000er-Jahre in eine fundamentale Krise geraten ist. Im zweiten Teil wird dann der problematische Charakter von sozialen Medien diskutiert, die sich als neutrale Plattformen für die Vermittlung von Kommunikation zwischen einzelnen Nutzer_innen sehen, jedoch gleichzeitig eine algorithmen- und datenbasierte Infrastruktur der digitalen Öffentlichkeit schaffen, in der Journalismus nur noch ein Akteur unter Vielen ist.
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Raetzsch, C. (2023). Amerikanische Öffentlichkeit und ihre Infrastrukturen. In: Lammert, C., Siewert, M., Vormann, B. (eds) Handbuch Politik USA. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04125-0_52-2
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