Zusammenfassung
Neben der erhöhten Morbidität und Letalität führen nahrungsmittelassoziierte Infektionen zu erheblichen Kosten im Gesundheitswesen. Es wird geschätzt, dass in den USA jährlich etwa 9,4 Millionen Fälle von lebensmittelassoziierten Erkrankungen (verursacht durch 31 Erreger) registriert werden (Scallan et al. 2011). Von diesen Personen werden etwa 55.961 stationär aufgenommen und etwa 1351 daran sterben. Berücksichtigt man auch die Zahl derer, bei denen der Erreger unbekannt ist, dann liegt die jährliche Zahl der nahrungsmittelassoziierten Infektionen bei 47.780 mit etwa 128.000 stationären Aufnahmen und 3000 Todesfällen. Lebensmittelzubereitende Institutionen spielen in der Epidemiologie von Gastroenteritis eine entscheidende Rolle. Diese konnte in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in einer Untersuchung vom Robert Koch-Institut (Bernard et al. 2014) eindeutig belegt werden. Es ließ sich zeigen, dass mit Noroviren kontaminierte Erdbeeren, die fast ausschließlich von einem Catering-Betrieb an 390 Institutionen geliefert wurden, zur Erkrankung von knapp 11.000 Personen führten.
Ein besonderes Risiko für nahrungsmittelinduzierte Infektionen geht von Krankenhausküchen aus. In seiner Stellungnahme des Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (Koch et al. 2016) wird dieser Umstand erläutert. Darin erläutert das Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung die Gründe, weshalb die hygienischen Anforderungen an Krankenhausküchen über die üblichen Maßnahmen in der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung hinausgehen sollten.
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Mlangeni, D.A. (2018). Krankenhausküchen: Hygienische Maßnahmen. In: Dettenkofer, M., Frank, U., Just, HM., Lemmen, S., Scherrer, M. (eds) Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41169-4_39-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41169-4_39-2
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