Abstract
Effective protection against harmful effects of toxic substance mixtures requires the ability to assess the combined risk potential of the various constituents. The biological impact of chemical mixtures may arise from independent, additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of the single constituents. Mathematical models may be used to characterize these effects. In most cases, models act on the assumption of independent effects or unknown mechanisms of action. However, a mechanistic understanding of interactions among mixture constituents, if available, is the best basis for quantitative predictions of the consequences of co-exposure to different stressors.
Based on the Chapter 3.1.2 of Hermann M. Bolt in the German Edition of “Regulatory Toxicology”
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References
Bolt HM (2004) Einzelstoffe versus Kombinationswirkungen [german]. In: Schwenk M, Reichl FX (eds) RegulatorischeToxikologie, Ch 3.1.2. Springer, Berlin, pp 262–267
Recommended Reading
Callahan MA, Sexton K (2007) If cumulative risk assessment is the answer, what is the question? Environ Health Perspect 115:799–806
Pöch G (1993) Combined effects of drugs and toxic agents. Springer, Wien/New York
Sexton K (2012) Cumulative risk assessment: an overview of methodological approaches for evaluating combined health effects from exposure to multiple environmental stressors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 9:370–390
Sexton K, Hattis D (2007) Assessing cumulative health risks from exposure to environmental mixtures – three fundamental questions. Environ Health Perspect 115:825–832
Yang RSH (1994) Toxicology of chemical mixtures: case studies, mechanisms, and novel approaches. Academic, San Diego
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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Büch, T.R.H., Schäfer, E.A.M., Duffus, J.H., Gudermann, T. (2014). Single Compounds Versus Combination Effects in Toxicology. In: Reichl, FX., Schwenk, M. (eds) Regulatory Toxicology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35374-1_56
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35374-1_56
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Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35374-1
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