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Mechanisms of Naive CD4+ T Cell Maintenance in the Elderly and Its Implications for Autoimmunity

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Immunosenescence

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Abstract

CD4+ T cells are critical players in the immune system. CD4+ T cells coordinate both innate and adaptive immune responses. When naive CD4+ T cells become activated via their antigen-specific T cell receptor in the presence of costimulation, these cells differentiate into effector and memory T cells. Maintenance of a large and diverse naive CD4+ T cell repertoire over time is thus essential for developing immunity to a multitude of novel antigens. Despite a strong decline in thymic production of naive CD4+ T cells with aging, the circulating pool of naive CD4+ T cells is well-maintained in elderly humans. The preservation of naive CD4+ T cells in aged subjects contrasts sharply with that of naive CD8+ T cells, which decline markedly with age. In the current chapter, the mechanisms facilitating the remarkable maintenance of the naive CD4+ T cell pool with age are discussed. Important mechanisms include recognition of self-peptides by T cell receptors and stimulation by homeostatic cytokines, including interleukin-7 and interleukin-2. Furthermore, we address the implications of naive CD4+ T cell maintenance for the development of autoimmune diseases in the elderly. Lastly, two models for the development of aging-associated autoimmunity are proposed, and suggestions for further investigation are provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Kornelis S. M. van der Geest, Elisabeth Brouwer, W. H. Abdulahad & Annemieke M. H. Boots

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  1. Kornelis S. M. van der Geest
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  2. Elisabeth Brouwer
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  3. W. H. Abdulahad
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  4. Annemieke M. H. Boots
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Correspondence to Kornelis S. M. van der Geest .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Geriatrics Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke Dept. of Medicine, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

  2. Dept of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Claudio Franceschi

  3. Institute for Health and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

    Katsuiku Hirokawa

  4. Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Graham Pawelec

Section Editor information

  1. Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Immunology Graduate Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

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van der Geest, K.S.M., Brouwer, E., Abdulahad, W.H., Boots, A.M.H. (2018). Mechanisms of Naive CD4+ T Cell Maintenance in the Elderly and Its Implications for Autoimmunity. In: Fulop, T., Franceschi, C., Hirokawa, K., Pawelec, G. (eds) Handbook of Immunosenescence. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_118-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_118-1

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  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64597-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64597-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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