Abstract
Community-informed risk assessment (CIRA) emerged in Arizona and a number of communities in the United States, in part as a way of addressing some of the problems with extant risk models in intimate partner violence and abuse (IPV/A) cases. The chapter identifies the origins, development, and deployment of CIRA approaches. It commences by noting the social harms associated with IPV/A and intimate partner homicide (IPH) and their complex case dynamics. These harms and dynamics call for nuanced risk triaging and management, humane interactions with victims and offenders, and the prudent and efficient deployment of often scarce resources. The chapter explains notions of “risk,” “risk assessment,” and “CIRA,” tracing the origins of the CIRA concept to the state of Arizona and its extant and evolving coordinated community responses to IPV/A. It then examines the pivotal relationship between CIRA and the rule of law. The relationship helped facilitate the spread of CIRA from pilot sites to the state as a whole and subsequently to other states. Finally, the contribution concludes with a summary of the early outcomes of CIRA and the challenges associated with assessing risk in IPV/A cases.
This chapter was initially published with an incorrect copyright holder name. It has been corrected to © Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
References
Aldrich, L. (2016). The use of risk assessments in judicial decision-making. Domestic Violence Report, 21(5), 71.
American Psychiatric Association, Brief Amicus Curiae, No. 82-6080, in the Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1982, Thomas A. Barefoot (Petitioner) v. W.J. Estelle, Director, Texas Department of Corrections, Respondent.
Barnham, L., Barnes, G. C., & Sherman, L. W. (2017). Targeting escalation of intimate partner violence: Evidence from 52,000 offenders. Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing, 1(2–3), 116–142.
Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. London: Sage.
Beck, U. (2016). The metamorphosis of the world. London: Polity.
Black, M. C., Basile, K. C., Breiding, M. J., Smith, S. G., Walters, M. L., Merrick, M. T., Chen, J., & Stevens, M. R. (2011). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Bland, M., & Ariel, B. (2015). Targeting escalation in reported domestic abuse: Evidence from 36,000 callouts. International Criminal Justice Review, 25(1), 30–53.
Brunger, F., & Wall, D. (2016). “What do they really mean by partnerships?” Questioning the unquestionable good in ethics guidelines promoting community engagement in Indigenous Health Research. Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1862–1877. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316649158.
Burke, K. J., Greene, S., & McKenna, M. K. (2017). Youth voice, civic engagement and failure in participatory action research. The Urban Review, 49, 585–601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-017-0410-4.
Campbell, J. C. (1986). Nursing assessment for risk of homicide with battered women. Advances in Nursing Science, 8(4), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-198607000-00006.
Campbell, J., et al. (2003a). Risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships: Results from a multisite case control study. American Journal of Public Health, 93(7), 1089–1097.
Campbell, J., et al. (2003b). Assessing risk factors for intimate partner homicide. NIJ Journal, 250, 14–19.
Cramer, A., Eliason, J., & Ortiz, E. (2018). How Arizona prosecutors implemented a statewide domestic violence risk assessment. The Prosecutor, pp 21–22, 24–25.
Di Pietro, N., & Illes, J. (2016). Closing gaps: Strength-based approaches to research with aboriginal children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuroethics, 9, 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-016-9281-8.
Dobash R. E. & Dobash R. P. (2015). When men murder women. New York: Oxford University Press.
Douglas, M. (1992). Risk and blame: Essays in cultural theory. London: Routledge.
Ferraro, K., & Johnson, J. M. (1983). How women experience battering: The process of victimization. Social Problems, 30, 325–339.
Ferraro, K., & Websdale, N. (2018). Are Intimate Partner Violence risk assessment tools racially biased? Some observations from research and practice. The Battered Women’s Justice Project.
Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Graham. et al. (2019). The validity and reliability of available intimate partner homicide and re-assault risk assessment tools: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018821952. [Epub ahead of print].
Grove, W. M., Zald, D. H., Lebow, B. S., Snitz, B. E., & Nelson, C. (2000). Clinical versus mechanical prediction: A meta-analysis. Psychological Assessment, 12(1), 19.
Harvard Law Review (HLR), Volume 130 at 1532, Criminal Law – Sentencing Guidelines – Wisconsin Supreme Court Requires Warning Before Use of Algorithmic Risk Assessments in Sentencing- State v. Loomis, 881 N.W.2d (Wis. 2016).
Hilton, N. Z., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., Lang, C., Cormier, C. A., & Lines, K. J. (2004). A brief actuarial assessment for the prediction of wife assault recidivism: The Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment. Psychological Assessment, 16, 267–275.
Jarvis-Selinger, S., et al. (2009). Social accountability in action. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 22(Suppl 1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820802052931.
Johnson, M. E. (2010). Balancing liberty, dignity, and safety: The impact of domestic violence lethality screening. Cardozo Law Review, 32, 519.
Johnson, M. P. (2008). A typology of domestic violence. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Kropp, P. R., & Hart, S. D. (2000). The Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA) guide: Reliability and validity in adult male offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 24, 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005430904495.
Latour, B. (1993). We have never been modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lethality Assessment Program Report. (December, 2016). https://mdle.net/pdf/HB1371-Report_regarding_Lethality_Assessment_Program_12-1-16.pdf
Meehl, P. E. (1954). Clinical versus statistical prediction: A theoretical analysis and a review of the evidence. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
Messing, J. T., Campbell, J., Webster, D. W., Brown, S., Patchell, B., & Wilson, J. S. (2015). The Oklahoma lethality assessment study: A quasi-experimental evaluation of the lethality assessment program. Social Service Review, 89(3), 499–530.
Montesanti, S. R., Abelson, J., Lavis, J., & Dunn, J. R. (2017). Enabling the participation of marginalized populations: Case studies from a health service organization in Ontario, Canada. Health Promotion International, 32(4), 636–649. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dav118.
Noordzij, M., van Diepen, M., Caskey, F., & Jager, K. (2017). Relative risk versus absolute risk: One cannot be interpreted without the other. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 32(suppl 2), ii13–ii18. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfw465.
Ontario Domestic Violence Death Review Committee. (2014). Domestic violence death review committee 2012 annual report.
Regnier, T. (2004). Barefoot in quicksand: The future of future dangerousness predictions in death penalty sentencing in the world of Daubert and Kumho. Akron Law Review, 37, 469.
Sechrist, S. M., & Weil, J. D. (2017). Assessing the impact of a focused deterrence strategy to combat intimate partner domestic violence. Violence Against Women, 24(3), 243–265.
Smith, S. G., Basile, K. C., Gilbert, L. K., Merrick, M. T., Patel, N., Walling, M., & Jain, A. (2017). National intimate partner and sexual violence survey (NISVS): 2010–2012 state report.
Snider, C., Webster, D., O’Sullivan, C. S., & Campbell, J. (2009). Intimate partner violence: Development of a brief risk assessment for the emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine, 16(11), 1208–1216.
Snyder, R. L. (2013). A Raised Hand: Can a new approach curb domestic homicide? The New Yorker, 22(2013), 34–41.
Stark, E. (2007). Coercive control: How men entrap women in personal life (p. 15). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stark, E. (2013). The dangers of dangerousness assessment. Family & Intimate Partner Violence Quarterly, 6(2), 13–22.
State of Wisconsin v. Loomis, 881 N.W.2d 749 (WI 2016).
Straus, M. A. (2011). Gender symmetry and mutuality in perpetration of clinical-level partner violence: Empirical evidence and implications for prevention and treatment. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(4), 279–288.
Svalin, K., & Levander, S. (2019). The predictive validity of intimate partner violence risk assessments conducted by practitioners in different settings – A review of the literature. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-019-09343-4.
Thornton, S. (2017). Police attempts to predict domestic murder and serious assaults: Is early warning possible yet? Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing, 1(2–3), 64–80.
United States Senate Report 112-153, 112th Congress, Calendar No. 312, Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act, March 12, 2012, footnote 29, Maryland Network Against Domestic Violence. https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CRPT-112srpt153.pdf
Websdale, N. (1999). Understanding domestic homicide. UPNE.
Weger, D., et al. (2018). BMC Health Services Research, 18, 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3090-1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Websdale, N. (2020). Community-Informed Risk Assessment in Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse Cases: Origins, Development, and Deployment. In: Geffner, R., White, J.W., Hamberger, L.K., Rosenbaum, A., Vaughan-Eden, V., Vieth, V.I. (eds) Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_324-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_324-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-62122-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-62122-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Community-Informed Risk Assessment in Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse Cases: Origins, Development, and Deployment- Published:
- 17 December 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_324-3
-
Community-Informed Risk Assessment in Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse Cases: Origins, Development, and Deployment
- Published:
- 19 September 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_324-2
-
Original
Community-Informed Risk Assessment in Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse Cases: Origins, Development, and Deployment- Published:
- 13 August 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_324-1