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Mantle Geochemistry

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Encyclopedia of Geochemistry

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

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Definition

Mantle Geochemistry: The study of Earth’s mantle by investigating its chemical and isotopic composition.

Basic Facts About Earth’s Mantle

Earth’s mantle extends from the core-mantle boundary at 2900 km depth, the Gutenberg discontinuity, to the base of Earth’s crust, the Mohorovičić discontinuity, at <10 km depth beneath the oceans and ~40–70 km beneath the continents. With about two thirds of Earth’s mass, the mantle is the largest silicate reservoir of our planet. Oxygen (O), Mg, Si, Fe, Ca, and Al are its main constituents (Palme and O’Neill, 2014). The mantle is mostly peridotitic in composition, with varying mineral assemblage that adapts to the large range of pressure-temperature conditions in the mantle. At upper mantle pressures, a typical mantle peridotite with a density of 3300 kg m−3and a temperature of ca. 1600–1700 K is made up of about 55 % olivine, 35 % ortho- and clinopyroxene, and up to 10 % of an Al-bearing phase, i.e., plagioclase, spinel, or garnet....

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  1. Institut für Mineralogie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Andreas Stracke

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  1. Andreas Stracke
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  1. Department of Earth, Cornell University Department of Earth, Ithaca, New York, USA

    William M. White

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Stracke, A. (2016). Mantle Geochemistry. In: White, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geochemistry. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_286-2

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    Mantle Geochemistry
    Published:
    24 November 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_286-2

  2. Original

    Mantle Geochemistry
    Published:
    24 September 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_286-1

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