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Embryonic Stem Cells

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Cell Engineering and Regeneration

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering ((TIENRE))

Abstract

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from a preimplantation embryo. ESCs are distinguished by two major properties: their pluripotency (the ability to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers) and their ability to replicate indefinitely under defined conditions. Human ESCs (hESCs) can be used to study early human development and genetic disease and for in vitro toxicology testing. Because of their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, clinical-grade hESC therapies have been proposed for tissue replacement after injury or disease. In this chapter we summarize the process of hESC derivation, discuss characterization (the standard tests that are performed during the cell culture process to check that the cells exhibit the fundamental properties that make them ESCs), and provide examples of protocols that are used to induce hESCs to differentiate into specific cell types.

Philip Lewis and Edina Silajdžić contributed equally to this work.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Nicola Bates, Jila Ajeian, Christopher A. Smith, and Alan Kerby for the use of their data in our figures. We thank the UK Medical Research Council (Grants MR/M017344 and MR/L004992/1), the UK Regenerative Medicine Platform hub programme (MR/KO26666/1), BBSRC (BB/D014530/1), and Arthritis Research UK (Grant 20786) for funding the work from our own laboratory.

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    1. Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

      Philip Lewis, Edina Silajdžić, Daniel R. Brison & Susan J. Kimber

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    1. Tulane Univ. Sch. of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

      Jeffrey M. Gimble

    2. AUVA Center, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimen, Vienna, Austria

      Darja Marolt

    3. Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

      Richard Oreffo

    4. Experimental and Clinical Traumatol, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for, Wien, Austria

      Heinz Redl

    5. AUVA Center, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimen, Vienna, Austria

      Susanne Wolbank

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    Lewis, P., Silajdžić, E., Brison, D.R., Kimber, S.J. (2018). Embryonic Stem Cells. In: Gimble, J., Marolt, D., Oreffo, R., Redl, H., Wolbank, S. (eds) Cell Engineering and Regeneration. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-37076-7_19-1

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