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Cadmium

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Critical Care Toxicology

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Abstract

Together with zinc and mercury, cadmium belongs to group IIb of the periodic table. It can be found in rocks, soil, water, coal, zinc ore, lead ore, and copper ore. In the environment, cadmium is present predominantly as the oxide or as the chloride, sulfide, or sulfate salt. It has no recognizable taste or odor. Cadmium sulfide, carbonate, and oxide salts are practically insoluble in water, whereas the sulfate, nitrate, and halides are soluble in water.

This chapter was submitted shortly before the death of Dr. Meulenbelt, a sophisticated medical toxicologist, highly respected intensivist, and a great friend. He will be sorely missed.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Jan Meulenbelt

Authors
  1. Jan Meulenbelt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Meulenbelt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Jeffrey Brent

  2. Office of New Drugs Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

    Keith Burkhart

  3. Clinical Toxicology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom

    Paul Dargan

  4. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Benjamin Hatten

  5. Med & Toxicological Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisière Hospital Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France

    Bruno Megarbane

  6. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Robert Palmer

Grading System for Levels of Evidence Supporting Recommendations in Critical Care Toxicology, 2nd Edition

  1. I

    Evidence obtained from at least one properly randomized controlled trial.

  2. II-1

    Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.

  3. II-2

    Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies, preferably from more than one center or research group.

  4. II-3

    Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention. Dramatic results in uncontrolled experiments (such as the results of the introduction of penicillin treatment in the 1940s) could also be regarded as this type of evidence.

  5. III

    Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies and case reports, or reports of expert committees.

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Meulenbelt, J. (2016). Cadmium. In: Brent, J., Burkhart, K., Dargan, P., Hatten, B., Megarbane, B., Palmer, R. (eds) Critical Care Toxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_45-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_45-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20790-2

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Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Cadmium
    Published:
    27 August 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_45-2

  2. Original

    Cadmium
    Published:
    04 March 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_45-1

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