Synonyms
Definition
Cyberbullying has been defined as “an aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself” (Smith et al. 2008, p. 376). In all respects, save the use of electronic media, it is similar to traditional, in-person forms of bullying. All forms of bullying, including cyberbullying, are not reactive, impulsive actions, but rather are intentional, planned, and functional behaviors (Volk et al. 2014). Like traditional bullying, cyberbullying consists of direct and indirect forms including verbal, such as emailing, texting, or calling the victim to derogate or threaten them, and relational forms, such as exclusion from groups of friends, ignoring victims, or spreading rumors (Kowalski et al. 2014). However, cyberbullying can also include specific acts, such as posting...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Barlett, C., & Coyne, S. M. (2014). A meta-analysis of sex differences in cyber-bullying behavior: The moderating role of age. Aggressive Behavior, 40(5), 474–488. doi:10.1002/ab.21555.
Hamm, M. P., Newton, A. S., Chisholm, A., Shulhan, J., Milne, A., Sundar, P., et al. (2015). Prevalence and effect of cyberbullying on children and young people: A scoping review of social media studies. The Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics, 169(8), 770–777. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0944.
Hoff, D. L., & Mitchell, S. N. (2009). Cyberbullying: Causes, effects, and remedies. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(5), 652–665. doi:10.1108/09578230981107.
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. doi:10.1037/a0035618.
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x.
Vaillancourt, T. (2013). Do human females use indirect aggression as an intrasexual competition strategy? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 368(1631). doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0080.
Volk, A. A., Dane, A. V., & Marini, Z. A. (2014). What is bullying? A theoretical redefinition. Developmental Review, 34(4), 327–343. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2014.09.001.
Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009). School bullying among adolescents in the United States: Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 368–375. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021.
Wegge, D., Vandebosch, H., Eggermont, S., & Pabian, S. (2016). Popularity through online harm: The longitudinal associations between cyberbullying and sociometric status in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 36(1), 86–107. doi:10.1177/0272431614556351.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Lapierre, K., Dane, A.V. (2016). Sex Differences in Cyber Bullying. In: Weekes-Shackelford, V., Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3650-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3650-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16999-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences