Synonyms
Definition
A member from a group of people that have either been excluded or do not form part of your own group.
Introduction
Throughout a lifespan, any one individual will be affiliated to a number of different groups. Some groups are assigned at birth, such as belonging to a family. Some groups are selected by the individual, such as supporting a local football team. Recognizing and being affiliated to a particular group is known as being an in-group member. In contrast, those who are outside of this group, particularly those who may affiliate to a rival group, are referred to as out-group members. This entry will explore some of the explanations for why in-group/out-group categorizations are formed, what the consequences are this for out-group members, and what factors can be deployed to minimize the consequences of out-group categorization.
Social Identity Theory
Tajfel and Turner’s (1979) social identity theory...
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References
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Hunt, D.F. (2016). Out-Group Members. In: Weekes-Shackelford, V., Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2980-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2980-1
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