Abstract
Acetazolamide (Diamox) was one of the first synthetic nonmercurial diuretics. The mode of action was found to be inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase is a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration (or hydroxylation) of CO2 to form H2CO3 which dissociates nonenzymatically into HCO3 − and H+. The enzyme is located within the cytoplasm and at the apical and basolateral membranes of proximal tubules as well as on the apical (lumenal) surface of distal tubules and in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Its primary function is to enhance H+ secretion into the urine. At least three isoenzymes, designated as I, II, and II or A, B, and C, are known to exist.
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References and Further Reading
Diuretic and Saluretic Activity
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In Vivo Methods
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Diuretic and Saluretic Activity in Dogs
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Hart, S.E. (2016). Diuretic and Saluretic Activity. In: Hock, F. (eds) Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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