Definition
Cytokines are soluble mediators of immune responses. Their secretion is a method that cells use to communicate and interact. Cells give and receive these instructional signals to perform and direct an immune response. Cytokines are produced by cells in response to a variety of stimuli, including Toll-like receptor agonists, pathogens, or other cytokines. These soluble factors bind to receptors on target cells and depending on the cytokine deliver a pro- or anti-inflammatory signal. In addition, a subset of cytokines termed chemokines deliver a chemotactic signal to cells expressing the appropriate receptor. In HIV infection, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, are elevated during the initial immune response of an acute infection, and although the intensity subsides, this inflammatory cytokine response persists throughout chronic infection even after successful antiretroviral treatment.
Introduction
Inflammation is a general term describing the movement of activated immune...
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Keating, S.M., Jacobs, E.S., Norris, P.J. (2014). Inflammatory Cytokines. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_302-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_302-1
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