Soda Lakes. Table 3 List of modern soda lakes with CaCO₃ precipitation in comparison with modern oceanic conditions

North Sea 1986

Calcite

0.375–0.904 Cc mean of 122 samples: 0.567

Biomineralization of coccolithophorids

Pegler and Kempe, 1988

Bahamas banks

Aragonite

0.47–0.6 Ara

Extremely low rates (if any) of aragonite (not the reason of whitings)

Morse et al., 2002

Satonda crater lake

Aragonite, Calcite

0.98 Cc, 0.84 Ara

Biomineralization by red algae and cyanobacterial sheaths permineralization

Kempe and Kazmierczak, 1993; Kazmierczak et al., 2004

Lake Van

Aragonite, Calcite

1.14 at 0 m to 1.06 at 440 m Cc, 0.99–0.91 Ara 4.09–3.81 Dol

Permineralization of cyanobacterial sheaths, inorganic chemical gardens, river plume whiting, summer whitings

Kempe et al., 1991; Reimer, 1995; Kazmierczak et al., 2004; Reimer et al., 2008

Lake Tanganyika

High-Mg Calcite

0.96 Cc

Five zones of massive thrombolites down to 50 m

Kempe and Kazmierczak, 1990 and citations therein

Andros Island

Low-Mg Calcite

Upon degassing and evaporation 1.14 Cc

Inland lakes with weakly calcified cyanobacterial and algal mats

Same as above

Walker Lake

Low-Mg Calcite

1.11 Cc, 0.95 Ara, 3.90 Dol

Small cabbage-like stromatolites up to 4 cm high, built by filamentous green alga and oscillatorian and coccoidal cyanobacteria.

Same as above; Kempe and Kazmierczak, 1997

Mono Lake Figure 2 top

Aragonite (Ikaite)

1.24 Cc, 1.09 Ara, 3.74 Dol

Large tufa columns at former groundwater outlets

Kempe and Kazmierczak, 1997; Bischoff et al., 1993

Pyramid Lake Figure 2 bottom

Calcite

1.36 Cc, 1.21 Ara, 3.89 Dol

Huge towers and mounds at former groundwater outlets

Benson, 1994; Arp et al., 1999

Niuafo‘ou, crater lake

Aragonite

0.65 Cc, 0.50 Ara, 2.65 Dol

Head-like stromatolites built by coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria

Kazmierczak and Kempe, 2006

Kauhako crater lake

Calcite

0.97 Cc, 0.82 Ara

Calcified sheaths of filamentous cyanobacteria

Kempe, unpublished