Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Schmerzchronifizierung

  • Living reference work entry
  • Latest version View entry history
  • First Online:
Praktische Schmerzmedizin

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

  • 470 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Der Schmerzsinn ist für das Überleben des Organismus essenziell, weil er vor drohenden Schäden durch äußere Ereignisse oder innere Erkrankungen warnt. Für diese Funktion besitzen wir einen hoch spezialisierten Teil des Nervensystems, das nozizeptive System. Nach einer Gewebeschädigung ist die Empfindlichkeit des nozizeptiven Systems durch periphere und zentrale Sensibilisierung gesteigert. Hieraus resultieren Hyperalgesie und Allodynie, die den Heilungsprozess normalerweise nur um einige Stunden überdauern. Diese relativ kurz dauernde Modulation des nozizeptiven Systems kann in eine lang dauernde Modifikation mit veränderter Genexpression übergehen, für die oft auch der Begriff „Schmerzgedächtnis“ verwendet wird. Dieser Begriff kann aber auch andere klinisch relevante Prozesse beschreiben, wie das episodische Schmerzgedächtnis (bewusstes Erinnern selbst erlebter Schmerzen) oder assoziatives Gedächtnis in Form von klassischer oder operanter Konditionierung (auch zur Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen eingesetzt).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Abraham WC (2003) How long will long-term potentiation last? Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B 358:735–744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adriaensen H, Gybels J, Handwerker HO, van Hees J (1984) Suppression of C-fibre discharges upon repeated heat stimulation may explain characteristics of concomitant pain sensations. Brain Res 302:203–211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azad SC, Zieglgänsberger W (2003) Was wissen wir über die Chronifizierung von Schmerz? Schmerz 17:441–444

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birbaumer N, Lutzenberger W, Montoya P, Larbig W, Unertl K, Töpfner S, Grodd W, Taub E, Flor H (1997) Effects of regional anesthesia on phantom limb pain are mirrored in changes in cortical reorganization. J Neurosci 17:5503–5508

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buschmann T, Martinvillalba A, Kocsis JD, Waxman SG, Zimmermann M, Herdegen T (1998) Expression of Jun, Fos and ATF-2 proteins in axotomized explanted and cultured adult rat dorsal root ganglia. Neuroscience 84:163–176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calford MB, Tweedale R (1991) C-fibres provide a source of masking inhibition to primary somatosensory cortex. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 243:269–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cervero F, Laird JMA (1991) One pain or many pains? A new look at pain mechanisms. News Physiol Sci 6:268–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Elbert T, Pantev C, Wienbruch C, Rockstroh B, Taub E (1995) Increased cortical representation of the fingers of the left hand in string players. Science 270:305–307

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erskine A, Morley S, Pearce S (1990) Memory for pain: a review. Pain 41:255–265

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feine JS, Lavigne GJ, Thuan Dao TT, Morin C, Lund JP (1998) Memories of chronic pain and perceptions of relief. Pain 77:137–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer TZ, Waxman SG (2010) Familial pain syndromes from mutations of the NaV1.7 sodium channel. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1184:196–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flor H (2000) The functional organization of the brain in chronic pain. In: Sandkühler J, Bromm B, Gebhart GF (Hrsg) Nervous system plasticity and chronic pain, progress in brain research. Elsevier, Amsterdam, S 313–322

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Flor H, Fydrich T, Turk DC (1992) Efficacy of multidisciplinary pain treatment centers: a meta-analytic review. Pain 49:221–230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flor H, Elbert T, Knecht S, Wienbruch C, Pantev C, Birbaumer N, Larbig W, Taub E (1995) Phantom-limb pain as a perceptual correlate of cortical reorganization following arm amputation. Nature 375:482–484

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flor H, Braun C, Elbert T, Birbaumer N (1997) Extensive reorganization of primary somatosensory cortex in chronic back pain patients. Neurosci Lett 224:5–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fordyce WE, Roberts AH, Sternbach RA (1985) The behavioral management of chronic pain: a response to critics. Pain 22:113–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallar J, Pozo MA, Rebollo I, Belmonte C (1990) Effects of capsaicin on corneal wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:1968–1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillette R, Huang RC, Hatcher N, Moroz LL (2000) Cost-benefit analysis potential in feeding behavior of a predatory snail by integration of hunger, taste, and pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:3585–3590

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gracely RH, Lynch SA, Bennett GJ (1992) Painful neuropathy: altered central processing, maintained dynamically by peripheral input. Pain 51:175–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen MP, Romano JM, Turner JA, Good AB, Wald LH (1999) Patient beliefs predict patient functioning: further support for a cognitive-behavioural model of chronic pain. Pain 81:95–104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ji RR, Woolf CJ (2001) Neuronal plasticity and signal transduction in nociceptive neurons: implications for the initiation and maintenance of pathological pain. Neurobiol Dis 8:1–10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (Hrsg) (2000) Chapter 62: learning and memory. In: Principles of neural science, 4. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1225–1246

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim HS, Neubert JK, Miguel AS, Xu K, Krishnaraju RK, Iadarola MJ, Goldman D, Dionne RA (2004) Genetic influence on variability in human acute experimental pain sensitivity associated with gender, ethnicity and psychological temperament. Pain 109:488–496

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein T, Magerl W, Hopf HC, Sandkühler J, Treede RD (2004) Perceptual correlates of nociceptive long-term potentiation and long-term depression in humans. J Neurosci 24:964–971

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knecht S, Henningsen H, Elbert T, Flor H, Höhling C, Pantev C, Taub E (1996) Reorganizational and perceptional changes after amputation. Brain 119:1213–1219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koltzenburg M, Torebjörk HE, Wahren LK (1994) Nciceptor modulated central sensitization causes mechanical hyperalgesia in acute chemogenic and chronic neuropathic pain. Brain 117:579–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korff M von, Miglioretti DL (2005) A prognostic approach to defining chronic pain. Pain 117: 304-313

    Google Scholar 

  • LaMotte RH, Shain CN, Simone DA, Tsai E-FP (1991) Neurogenic hyperalgesia: psychophysical studies of underlying mechanisms. J Neurophysiol 66:190–211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lenz FA, Garonzik IM, Zirh TA, Dougherty PM (1998) Neuronal activity in the region of the thalamic principal sensory nucleus (ventralis caudalis) in patients with pain following amputations. Neuroscience 86:1065–1081

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magerl W, Fuchs PN, Meyer RA, Treede RD (2001) Roles of capsaicin-insensitive nociceptors in pain and secondary hyperalgesia. Brain 124:1754–1764

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marsicano G, Wotjak CT, Azad SC, Bisogno T, Rammes G, Cascio MG, Hermann H, Tang J, Hofmann C, Zieglgänsberger W, Di Marzo V, Lutz B (2002) The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive memories. Nature 418:530–534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merskey H, Bogduk N (1994) Classification of chronic pain, 2. Aufl. IASP Press, Seattle, S 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Milinkeviciute G, Gentile C, Neely GG (2012) Drosophila as a tool for studying the conserved genetics of pain. Clin Genet 82:359–366

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagasako EM, Oaklander AL, Dworkin RH (2003) Congenital insensitivity to pain: an update. Pain 101:213–219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ørstavik K, Weidner C, Schmidt R, Schmelz M, Hilliges M, Jørum E, Handwerker H, Torebjörk E (2003) Pathological C-fibres in patients with a chronic painful condition. Brain 126:567–578

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfau DB, Klein T, Putzer D, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Treede RD, Magerl W (2011) Analysis of hyperalgesia time courses in humans after painful electrical high-frequency stimulation identifies a possible transition from early to late LTP-like pain plasticity. Pain 152:1532–1539

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfingsten M (2004) Angstvermeidungs-Überzeugungen bei Rückenschmerzen. Schmerz 18:17–27

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfingsten M, Hildebrandt J, Leibing E, Franz C, Saur P (1997) Effectiveness of a multimodal treatment program for chronic low-back pain. Pain 73:77–85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plappert CF, Pilz PKD, Becker K, Becker CM, Schnitzler HU (2001) Increased sensitization of acoustic startle response in spasmodic mice with a mutation of the glycine receptor alpha1-subunit gene. Behav Brain Res 121:57–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prescott SA (1998) Interactions between depression and facilitation within neural networks: updating the dual-process theory of plasticity. Learn Mem 5:446–466

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quiroga RQ, Luijtelaar ELJM (2002) Habituation and sensitization in rat auditory evoked potentials: a single-trial analysis with wavelet denoising. Int J Psychophysiol 43:141–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raspe H, Hüppe A, Matthis C (2003) Theorien und Modelle der Chronifizierung: auf dem Weg zu einer erweiterten Definition chronischer Rückenschmerzen. Schmerz 17:359–366

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roayaie K, Crump JG, Sagasti A, Bargmann CI (1998) The G alpha protein ODR-3 mediates olfactory and nociceptive function and controls cilium morphogenesis in C. elegans olfactory neurons. Neuron 20:55–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandkühler J (2000) Learning and memory in pain pathways. Pain 88:113–118

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandkühler J (2009) Models and mechanisms of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Physiol Rev 89:707–758

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schafe GE, Nader K, Blair HT, LeDoux JE (2001) Memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning: a cellular and molecular perspective. TINS 24:540–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaible HG, Del Rosso A, Matucci-Cerinic M (2005) Neurogenic aspects of inflammation. Rheum Dis Clin N Am 31:77–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider C, Palomba D, Flor H (2004) Pavlovian conditioning of muscular responses in chronic pain patients: central and peripheral correlates. Pain 112:239–247

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simone DA, Baumann TK, LaMotte RH (1989) Dose-dependent pain and mechanical hyperalgesia in humans after intradermal injection of capsaicin. Pain 38:99–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snider WD, McMahon SB (1998) Tackling pain at the source: new ideas about nociceptors. Neuron 20:629–632

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sukhotinsky I, Ben Dor E, Raber P, Devor M (2004) Key role of the dorsal root ganglion in neuropathic tactile hypersensibility. Eur J Pain 8:135–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan AM, Waxman SG (2012) Spinal cord injury, dendritic spine remodeling, and spinal memory mechanisms. Exp Neurol 235:142–151

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas E, Sandor PS, Ambrosini A, Schoenen J (2002) A neural network model of sensitization of evoked cortical responses in migraine. Cephalalgia 22:48–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Treede RD (1998) Pathophysiologie und Diagnostik von sensiblen Störungen bei Patienten mit sympathikusabhängigen Schmerzen. Schmerz 12:250–260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Treede RD, Meyer RA, Raja SN, Campbell JN (1992) Peripheral and central mechanisms of cutaneous hyperalgesia. Prog Neurobiol 38:397–421

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Treede RD, Handwerker HO, Baumgärtner U, Meyer RA, Magerl W (2004) Hyperalgesia and allodynia: taxonomy, assessment, and mechanisms. In: Brune K, Handwerker HO (Hrsg) Hyperalgesia: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications, Bd 30. IASP Press, Seattle, S 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Treede RD, Klein T, Magerl W (2006) Pain memory and central sensitization in humans. In: Flor H, Kalso E, Dostrovsky JO (Hrsg) Proceedings of the 11th world congress on pain. IASP Press, Seattle, S 251–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Treede RD, Müller-Schwefe G, Thoma R (2010) Kodierung chronischer Schmerzen im ICD-10. Schmerz 24:207–208

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, Cohen M, Evers S, Finnerup NB, First MB, Giamberardino MA, Kaasa S, Kosek E, Lavand’homme P, Nicholas M, Perrot S, Scholz J, Schug S, Smith BH, Svensson P, Vlaeyen JW, Wang SJ (2015) A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain 156:1003–1007

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Turk DC, Flor H (1984) Etiological theories and treatments for chronic back pain. II. Psychological models and interventions. Pain 19:209–233

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner JA, Calsyn DA, Fordyce WE, Ready LB (1982) Drug utilization patterns in chronic pain patients. Pain 12:357–363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vlaeyen JWS, Linton SJ (2000) Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain 85:317–332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waberski TD, Gobbelé R, Kawohl W, Cordes C, Buchner H (2003) Immediate cortical reorganization after local anesthetic block of the thumb: source localization of somatosensory evoked potentials in human subjects. Neurosci Lett 347:151–154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj S, Cummins TR, Black JA (1999) Sodium channels and pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:7635–7639

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss T, Miltner WHR, Huonker R, Friedel R, Schmidt I, Taub E (2000) Rapid functional plasticity of the somatosensory cortex after finger amputation. Exp Brain Res 134:199–203

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weng HH, Fitzgerald J (2006) Current issues in joint replacement surgery. Curr Opin Rheumatol 18:163–169

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams DA, Thorn BE (1989) An empirical assessment of pain beliefs. Pain 36:351–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wittenburg N, Baumeister R (1999) Thermal avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans: an approach to the study of nociception. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:10477–10482

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Woolf CJ, Salter MW (2000) Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science 288:1765–1769

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wurmthaler C, Gerbershagen HU, Dietz G, Korb J, Nilges P, Schillig S (1996) Chronifizierung und psychologische Merkmale – Die Beziehung zwischen Chronifizierungsstadien bei Schmerz und psychophysischem Befinden, Behinderung und familiären Merkmalen. Z Gesundheitspsychol 4:113–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang ZY, Gerner P, Woolf CJ, Ji RR (2005) ERK is sequentially activated in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes by spinal nerve ligation and contributes to mechanical allodynia in this neuropathic pain model. Pain 114:149–159

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lehrstuhl für Neurophysiologie, CBTM, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland

    Rolf-Detlef Treede

Authors
  1. Rolf-Detlef Treede
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rolf-Detlef Treede .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Ralf Baron

  2. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Wolfgang Koppert

  3. Göttingen, Germany

    Michael Strumpf

  4. Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Anne Willweber-Strumpf

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Treede, RD. (2018). Schmerzchronifizierung. In: Baron, R., Koppert, W., Strumpf, M., Willweber-Strumpf, A. (eds) Praktische Schmerzmedizin. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54670-9_1-2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54670-9_1-2

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54670-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54670-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Medizin

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Schmerzchronifizierung
    Published:
    08 August 2018

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54670-9_1-2

  2. Original

    Entstehung der Schmerzchronifizierung
    Published:
    08 November 2014

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54670-9_1-1

Search

Navigation