Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) form a large class of small regulatory RNAs in eukaryotes. Although they share a common processing pathway and certain structural features, in general, there is no detectable sequence similarity among miRNAs from a given organism. On the other hand, many miRNAs are members of a family of a few, often very similar, paralogs. It is, thus, of interest to trace the evolutionary history of individual miRNAs, to identify the timing of gene duplications, and to study relationships between the histories of different miRNA families. Some miRNAs are transcribed from polycistronic primary transcripts. In these cases, we will study the evolution of entire clusters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lim, L. P., Lau, N. C., Weinstein, E. G., et al. (2003) The microRNAs of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes Devel. 17, 991–1008.
Lai, E. C., Tomancak, P., Williams, R. W., and Rubin, G. M. (2003) Computational identificationof Drosophila microRNA genes. Genome Biol. 4, R42.
Bonnet, E., Wuyts, J., Rouzé, P., and Van de Peer, Y. (2004) Evidence that microRNA precursors, unlike other non-coding RNAs, have lower folding free energies than random sequences. Bioinformatics 20, 2911–2917.
Jones-Roades, M. W. and Bartel, D. P. (2004) Computational identification of plant micro-RNAs and their targets, including a stress-induced miRNA. Mol. Cell 14, 787–799.
Adai, A., Johnson, C., Mlotshwa, S., et al. (2005) Computational prediction of miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome Res. 15, 78–91.
Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., and Lipman, D. J. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215, 403–410.
Legendre, M., Lambert, A., and Gautheret, D. (2005) Profile-based detection of microRNA precursors in animal genomes. Bioinformatics 21, 841–845.
Gautheret, D. and Lambert, A. (2001) Direct RNA motif definition and identification from multiple sequence alignments using secondary structure profiles. J. Mol. Biol. 313, 1003–1011.
Thompson, J. D., Higgs, D. G., and Gibson, T. J. (1994) Clustalw: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties, and weight matrix choice. Nucl. Acids Res. 22, 4673–4680.
Aiyar, A. (2000) The use of CLUSTAL W and CLUSTAL X for multiple sequence alignment. In: Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols (Misener S. and Krawetz S. A.,eds), Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp. 221–241.
McCaskill, J. (1990) The equilibrium partition function and base pair binding probabilities for RNA secondary structures. Biopolymers 29, 1105–1119.
Zuker, M. (2003) Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction. Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 3406–3415.
Mathews, D., Sabina, J., Zuker, M., and Turner, D. (1999) Expanded sequence dependence of thermodynamic parameters improves prediction of RNA secondary structure. J. Mol. Biol. 288, 911–940.
Hofacker, I. L. (2003) Vienna RNA secondary structure server. Nucl. Acids Res. 31, 3429–3431.
Hofacker, I. L., Fekete, M., and Stadler, P. F. (2002) Secondary structure prediction for aligned RNA sequences. J. Mol. Biol. 319, 1059–1066.
Felsenstein, J. (1989) PHYLIP-phylogeny inference package (version 3.2). Cladistics 5, 164–166.
Retief, J. D. (2000) Phylogenetic analysis using PHYLIP. In: Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols (Misener S. and Krawetz S. A.,eds), Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp. 243–258.
Tanzer, A. and Stadler, P. F. (2004) Molecular evolution of a microRNA cluster. J. Mol. Biol. 339, 327–335.
Wilbur, W. J. and Lipman, D. J. (1983) Rapid similarity searches of nucleic acid and protein data banks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 726–730.
miRBase, http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
UCSC Genome Bioinformatics. http://genome.ucsc.edu/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Noncode. http://www.bioinfo.org.cn/NONCODE/index.htm. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
NCBI. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Ensembl Genome Browser. http://www.ensembl.org/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
DOE Joint Genome Institute. http://www.jgi.doe.gov/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Vienna RNA Package. http://www.tbi.univie.ac.at/RNA/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Flamm, C., Hofacker, I. L., and Stadler, P. F. (2004) RNA folding in silico. In: EvolutionaryMethods in Biotechnology (Brakmann S. and Schwienhost A.,eds.), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 177–190.
NCBI ftp site for BLAST executables. ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/executables/release2.2.6//. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Bioinformatics at IGBMC, ClustalW ftp site. ftp://ftp-igbmc.u-strasbg.fr/pub/ClustalW/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Bioinformatics at IGBMC, ClustalX ftp site. ftp://ftp-igbmc.u-strasbg.fr/pub/ClustalX/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Bioinformatics at IGBM, ClustalW help. http://bips.u-strasbg.fr/en/Documentation/ClustalW/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Bioinformatics at IGBMC, ClustalX help. http://bips.u-strasbg.fr/en/Documentation/ClustalX/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
PHYLIP. http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip.html. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
PHYLIP manual. http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip/doc/main.html. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
NJ Plot at Pole Bioinformatique Lyonnais. http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/njplot.html. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Genomics, Univ. of Ghent. http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/supplementary_data/erbon/nov2003/downloads/randfold-2.0.tar.gz. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Cygwin. http://www.cygwin.com/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Spanish National Cancer Center (Cluster v.2.5.2). http://bioinfo.cnio.es/~jherrero/downloads/cluster/. Last accessed Dec. 27, 2005.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Tanzer, A., Stadler, P.F. (2006). Evolution of MicroRNAs. In: Ying, SY. (eds) MicroRNA Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 342. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-123-1:335
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-123-1:335
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-581-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-123-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols