Abstract
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technologies (genetic, protein, and metabolic engineering) allow the production of a wide range of peptides, proteins, and biochemicals from naturally nonproducing cells. This technology, now approx 25 yr old, is becoming one of the most important technologies developed in the 20th century.
Pharmaceutical products and industrial enzymes were the first biotech products on the world market made by means of rDNA. Despite important advances regarding rDNA applications in mammalian cells, yeasts still represent attractive hosts for the production of heterologous proteins. In this review we summarize the advantages and limitations of the main and promising yeast hosts.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hitzeman, R. A., Hagie, F. E., Levine, H. L., Goeddel, D. V., Ammerer, G., and Hall, B. D. (1981) Expression of a human gene for interferon in yeast. Nature 293, 717–722.
Reiser, J., Glumoff, V., Kalin, M., and Ochsner, U. (1990). Transfer and expression of heterologous genes in yeasts other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 43, 75–102.
Romanos, M. A., Scorer, C. A. and Clare, J. J. (1992) Foreign gene expression in yeast: a review. Yeast 8, 423–488.
Sudbery, P. E., Gleeson, M. A., Veale, R. A., Ledeboer, A. M., and Zoetmulder, M. C. (1988) Hansenula polymorpha as a novel yeast system for the expression of heterologous genes. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 16, 1081–1083.
Thill, G., Davis, G., Stillman, C., Tschopp, J. F., Craig, W. S., Velicelebi, G., et al. (1987). The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as a host for heterologous protein production, in Microbial Growth on C1 Compounds. van Verseveld, H. W., and Duine, J. A., eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 289–296.
Blondeau, K., Boze, H., Jung, G., Moulin, G., and Galzy, P. (1994) Physiological approach to heterologous human serum albumin production by Kluyveromyces lactis in chemostat culture. Yeast 10, 1297–1303.
Gellissen, G. and Hollenberg, C. P. (1997) Application of yeasts in gene expression studies: a comparison of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula polymorpha and Kluyveromyces lactis—a review. Gene 190, 87–97.
Muller, S., Sandal, T., Kamp-Hansen, P., and Dalboge, H. (1998) Comparison of expression systems in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula polymorpha, Klyveromyces lactis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Yarrowia lipolytica. Cloning of two novel promoters from Yarrowia lipolytica. Yeast 14, 1267–1283.
Raymond, C. K., Bukowski, T., Holderman, S. D., Ching, A. F. T., Vanaja, E., and Stamm, M. R. (1998) Development of the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia methanolica, for the expression of the 65-kilodalton isoform of human glutamate decarboxylase. Yeast 14, 11–23.
Den Haan, R. and Van Zyl, W. H. (2001) Differential expression of the Trichoderma reesei beta-xylanase II (xyn2) gene in the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 57, 521–527.
Hohenblum, H., Naschberger, S., Weik, R., Katinger, H., and Mattanovich, D. (2001) Production of recombinant human trypsinogen in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. A comparison of expression systems, in Merten, O.-W., Mattanovich, D., Lang, C., Larsson, G., Neubauer, P., Porro, D., et al. eds., Recombinant Protein Production with Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. A Comparative View on Host Physiology. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 339–346.
Romanos, M. (1995) Advances in the use of Pichia pastoris for high-level gene expression. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 6, 527–533.
Ogawa, Y., Tatsumi, H., Murakami, S., Ishida, Y., Murakami, K., Masaki A., et al. (1990) Secretion of Aspergillus oryzae alkaline protease in an osmophilic yeast, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Agric. Biol. Chem. 54, 2521–2529.
Brambilla, L., Ranzi, B. M., Vai, M., Alberghina, L., and Porro, D. (2000) Production of heterologous proteins from Zygosaccharomyces bailii. PCT US Patent. Issued/Filed: 14/1/2000. Serial number No. PCT/RP00/00268.
Branduardi, P., Valli, M., Alberghina, L., and Porro, D. (2002) Process for expression and secretion of proteins by the non-conventional yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii. Germany National Patent, Issued/Filed: 10 November 2002. Serial number No. 102 52 245.6.
Sakai, Y., Rogi, T., Takeuchi, R., Kato, N., and Tani, Y. (1995) Expression of Saccharomyces adenylate kinase gene in Candida boidinii under the regulation of its alcohol oxidase promoter. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 42, 860–864.
Buckholz, R. G. and Gleeson, M. A. (1991) Yeast systems for the commercial production of heterologous proteins. Biotechnology 9, 1067–1072.
Sudbery, P. E. (1996) The expression of recombinant proteins in yeasts. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 7, 517–524.
Gellissen, G. (2000) Heterologous protein production in methylotrophic yeasts. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54, 741–750.
Dominguez, A., Ferminan, E., Sanchez, M., Gonzalez, F. J., Perez-Campo, F. M., Garcia, S., et al. (1998) Non-conventional yeasts as hosts for heterologous protein production. Int. Microbiol. 1, 131–142.
Cereghino, J. L. and Cregg, J. M. (2000) Heterologous protein expression in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 24, 45–66.
Giga-Hama, Y. and Kumagai, H. (1999). Expression system for foreign genes using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. (1999) 30, 235–244.
James, S. A., Collins, M. D., and Roberts, I. N. (1994) Genetic interrelationship among species of the genus Zygosaccharomyces as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. Yeast 10, 871–881.
Steels, H., Bond, C. J., Collins, M. D., Roberts, I. N., Stratford, M., and James, S. A. (1999) Zygosaccharomyces lentus sp. nov., a new member of the yeast genus Zygosaccharomyces Barker. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49, 319–327.
Kurtzman, C. P., Robnett, C. J., and Basehoar-Powers, E. (2001) Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis, a new ascosporogenous yeast from “Kombucha tea.” FEMS Yeast Res. 1, 133–138.
Makdesi, A. K. and Beuchat, L. R. (1996) Evaluation of media for enumerating heat-stressed, benzoate-resistant Zygosaccharomyces bailii. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 33, 169–181.
Sousa, M. J., Miranda, L., Corte-Real, M., and Leao, C. (1996) Transport of acetic acid in Zygosaccharomyces bailii: effects of ethanol and their implications on the resistance of the yeast to acidic environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 3152–3157.
Wegener, G. H. and Harder, W. (1987) Methylotrophic yeasts—1986. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 53, 29–36.
Cregg, J. M., Cereghino, J. L., Shi, J., and Higgins, D. R. (2000) Recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris. Mol. Biotechnol. 16, 23–52.
Shen, S., Sulter, G., Jeffries, T. W. and Cregg, J. M. (1998) A strong nitrogen source-regulated promoter for controlled expression of foreign genes in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Gene 216, 93–102.
Waterham, H. R., Digan, M. E., Koutz, P. J., Lair, S. V. and Cregg, J. M. (1997) Isolation of the Pichia pastoris glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene and regulation and use of its promoter. Gene 186, 37–44.
Hollenberg, C. P. and Gellissen, G. (1997) Production of recombinant proteins by methylotrophic yeasts. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 8, 554–560.
Burgers, P. M. and Percival, K. J. (1987) Transformation of yeast spheroplasts without cell fusion. Anal. Biochem. 163, 391–397.
Agatep, R., Kirkpatrick, R. D., Parchaliuk, D. L., Woods, R. A., and Gietz, R. D. (1998) Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the lithium acetate/single-stranded carrier DNA/polyethylene glycol (LiAc/ss-DNA/PEG) protocol. Technical Tips Online (http://tto.trends.com).
Sanchez, M., Iglesias, F. J., Santamaria, C., and Dominguez, A. (1993) Transformation of Kluyveromyces lactis by electroporation. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 59, 2087–2092.
Hasslacher, M., Schall, M., Hayn, M., Bona, R., Rumbold, K., Luckl, J., et al. (1997) High-level intracellular expression of hydroxynitrile lyase from the tropical rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis in microbial hosts. Protein Expr. Purif. 11, 61–71.
Clare, J. J., Rayment, F. B., Ballantine, S. P., Sreekrishna, K., and Romanos, M. A. (1991) High-level expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in Pichia pastoris strains containing multiple tandem integrations of the gene. Bio/Technology 9, 455–460.
Richardson, P. T., Roberts, L. M., Gould, J. H., and Lord, J. M. (1988) The expression of functional ricin B-chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys. Acta 950, 385–394.
Binder, M., Schanz, M., and Hartig, A. (1991) Vector-mediated over-expression of catalase A in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces inclusion body formation. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 54, 305–312.
Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. Y. and Bock, R. M. (1993) High level expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an artificial gene encoding a repeated tripeptide aspartyl-phenylyalanyl-lysine. J. Biotechnol. 30, 211–223.
Weik, R., Francky, A., Striedner, G., Raspor, P., Bayer, K., and Mattanovich, D. (1998) Recombinant expression of alliin lyase from garlic (Allium sativum) in bacteria and yeasts. Planta Med. 64, 387–388.
Barr, K. A., Hopkins, S. A., and Sreekrishna, K. (1992) Protocol for efficient secretion of HSA developed from Pichia pastoris. Pharm. Eng. 12, 48–51.
Kauffman, K. J., Pridgen, E. M., Doyle, F. J. 3rd, Dhurjati, P. S., and Robinson, A. S. (2002) Decreased protein expression and intermittent recoveries in BiP levels result from cellular stress during heterologous protein expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Prog. 18, 942–950.
Hohenblum, H., Borth, N., and Mattanovich, D. (2003) Assessing viability and cell-associated product of recombinant protein producing Pichia pastoris with flow cytometry. J. Biotechnol. 102, 281–290.
Patil, C. and Walter, P. (2001) Intracellular signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus: the unfolded protein response in yeast and mammals. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13, 349–355.
Welihinda, A. A., Tirasophon, W., and Kaufman, R. J. (1999) The cellular response to protein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Gene Expr. 7, 293–300.
Casagrande, R., Stern, P., Diehn, M., Shamu, C., Osario, M., Zuniga, M., et al. (2000) Degradation of proteins from the ER of S. cerevisiae requires an intact unfolded protein response pathway. Mol. Cell 5, 729–735.
Vai, M., Brambilla, L., Orlandi, I., Rota, N., Ranzi, B. M., Alberghina, L., et al. (2000). Improved secretion of native human insulin-like growth factor 1 from gas1 mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 5477–5479.
Gemmill, T. R. and Trimble, R. B. (1999) Overview of N-and O-linked oligosaccharide structures found in various yeast species. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426, 227–237.
Sumi, A., Okuyama, K., Kobayashi, K., Ohtani, W., Ohmura T., and Yokoyama, K. (1999) Purification of recombinant human serum albumin. Efficient purification using STREAMLINE. Bioseparation 8, 195–200.
Weik, R., Striedner, G., Francky, A., Raspor, P., Bayer, K., and Mattanovich, D. (1999) Induction of oxidofermentative ethanol formation in recombinant cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 37, 191–194.
Hong, F., Meinander, N. Q., and Jonsson, L. J. (2002) Fermentation strategies for improved heterologous expression of lactase in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 79, 438–449.
Zhang, W., Smith, L. A., Plantz, B. A., Schlegel, V. L. and Meagher, M. M. (2002) Design of methanol feed control in Pichia pastoris fermentations based upon a growth model. Biotechnol. Prog. 18, 1392–1399.
Loewen, M. C., Liu, X., Davies, P. L., and Daugulis, A. J. (1997) Biosynthetic production of type II fish antifreeze protein: fermentation by Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol. Biotechnol. 48, 480–486.
Curvers, S., Brixius, P., Klauser, T., Thommes, J., Weuster-Botz, D., Takors, R., et al. (2001) Human chymotrypsinogen B production with Pichia pastoris by integrated development of fermentation and downstream processing. Part 1. Fermentation. Biotechnol. Prog. 17, 495–502.
Porro, D., Martegani, E., Ranzi, B. M. and Alberghina, L. (1991) Heterologous gene expression in continuous cultures of budding yeast. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 34, 632–636.
Goodey, A. R. (1993) The production of heterologous plasma proteins. Trends Biotechnol. 11, 430–433.
Stephanopoulos, G., Aristodou. A., and Nielsen, J. (1998) Metabolic Engineering. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Porro, D., Mattanovich, D. (2004). Recombinant Protein Production in Yeasts. In: Balbás, P., Lorence, A. (eds) Recombinant Gene Expression. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 267. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-774-2:241
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-774-2:241
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-262-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-774-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols