Abstract
Prevalent methods for visualizing proteins resolved by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis include autoradiography, silver staining, and Coomassie brilliant blue staining (1,2. The organic dye Coomassie brilliant blue is capable of detecting as little as 100 ng of protein, but this is considerably less sensitive than silver staining or autoradiography (1,2. Silver staining allows detection of low-nanogram amounts of protein, but detection sensitivity of autoradiography can be considerably better, since it depends principally on the specific activity of the radiolabeling method. Other staining techniques are valuable for specific applications in 2-D gel electrophoresis, such as Edman-based protein sequencing, mass spectrometry, and immunoblotting. Many of these applications require stains that do not covalently modify proteins, are relatively sensitive, and are easily reversible (3). Additionally, immunoblotting protocols are often based upon the enzymatic formation of a colored formazan product or the chemiluminescent production of light (4). Thus, image acquisition requires detection of diverse chromogenic, radioactive, and luminescent signals.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Merril, C. (1987) Detection of proteins separated by electrophoresis, in Advances in Electrophoresis, vol. 1 (Chrambach, A., Dunn, M., and Radola, B., eds.), VCH, New York, pp. 111–140.
Wirth, P. and Romano, A. (1995) Staining methods in gel electrophoresis, including the use of multiple detection methods. J. Chromatogr. A 698, 123–143
Patton, W., Lam, L., Su, Q., Lui, M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., and Tempst, P. (1994) Metal chelates as reversible stains for detection of electroblotted proteins: Application to protein microsequencing and immunoblotting. Anal. Biochem. 220, 324–335.
Durrant, I. and Fowler, S. (1994) Chemiluminescent detection systems for protein blotting, in Protein Blotting: A Practical Approach (Dunbar, B. S., ed.), IRL, New York, pp. 141–152.
Patton, W. (1995) Biologist’s perspective on analytical imaging systems as applied to protein gel electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A 698, 55–87.
Sutherland, J. (1993) Electronic imaging of electrophoretic gels and blots, in Advances in Electrophoresis, vol. 6 (Chrambach, A., Dunn, M., and Radola, B., eds.), VCH, New York, pp. 1–42.
Watkins, C., Sadun, A., and Marenka, S. (1993) Modem Image Processing; Warping, Morphing, and Classical Techniques. Academic, New York.
Horgan, G. and Glasbey, C. (1995) Uses of digital image analysis in electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 16, 298–305.
Miller, M. (1989) Computer-assisted analysis of two-dimensional gel electro-phoretograms, in Advances in Electrophoresis, vol. 3 (Chrambach, A., Dunn, M., and Radola, B., eds.), VCH, New York, pp. 182–269.
Ramsby, M. L., Makowski, G. S., and Khairallah, E. A. (1994) Differential detergent fractionation of isolated hepatocytes: biochemical, immunochemical and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis characterization of cytoskeletal and noncytoskeletal compartments. Electrophoresis 15, 265–277.
Lim, M. J., Patton, W. F., Lopez, M. F., Spofford, K. H., Shojaee, N., and Shepard, D. (1997) A luminescent europium complex for the sensitive detection of proteins and nucleic acids immobilized on membrane supports. Anal. Biochem. 245, 184–195.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Patton, W.F., Lim, M.J., Shepro, D. (1999). Image Acquisition in 2-D Electrophoresis. In: Link, A.J. (eds) 2-D Proteome Analysis Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 112. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-584-7:353
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-584-7:353
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-524-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-584-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols