Abstract
Cellular delivery methods are a prerequisite for cellular studies with PNA. This chapter describes PNA cellular delivery using cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)–PNA conjugates and transfection of PNA–ligand conjugates mediated by cationic lipids. Furthermore, two endosomolytic procedures employing chloroquine treatment or photochemical internalization (PCI) for significantly improving PNA delivery efficacy are described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Nielsen PE, Egholm M, Berg RH, Buchardt O (1991) Sequence-selective recognition of DNA by strand displacement with a thymine-substituted polyamide. Science 254:1497–1500
Torchilin VP (2006) Recent approaches to intracellular delivery of drugs and DNA and organelle targeting. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 8:343–375
Doyle DF, Braasch DA, Simmons CG, Janowski BA, Corey DR (2001) Inhibition of gene expression inside cells by peptide nucleic acids: effect of mRNA target sequence, mismatched bases, and PNA length. Biochemistry 40:53–64
Mae M, Langel U (2006) Cell-penetrating peptides as vectors for peptide, protein and oligonucleotide delivery. Curr Opin Pharmacol 6:509–514
Shiraishi T, Bendifallah N, Nielsen PE (2006) Cellular delivery of polyheteroaromate-peptide nucleic acid conjugates mediated by cationic lipids. Bioconjug Chem 17:189–194
Shiraishi T, Hamzavi R, Nielsen PE (2008) Subnanomolar antisense activity of phosphonate-peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conjugates delivered by cationic lipids to HeLa cells. Nucleic Acids Res 36:4424–4432
Ljungstrom T, Knudsen H, Nielsen PE (1999) Cellular uptake of adamantyl conjugated peptide nucleic acids. Bioconjug Chem 10:965–972
Debart F, Abes S, Deglane G, Moulton HM, Clair P, Gait MJ, Vasseur JJ, Lebleu B (2007) Chemical modifications to improve the cellular uptake of oligonucleotides. Curr Top Med Chem 7:727–737
Gait MJ (2003) Peptide-mediated cellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and their analogues. Cell Mol Life Sci 60:844–853
Zorko M, Langel U (2005) Cell-penetrating peptides: mechanism and kinetics of cargo delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57:529–545
Jarver P, Langel K, El-Andaloussi S, Langel U (2007) Applications of cell-penetrating peptides in regulation of gene expression. Biochem Soc Trans 35:770–774
Wang Q, Yin H, Camelliti P, Betts C, Moulton H, Lee H, Saleh AF, Gait MJ, Wood MJ (2010) In vitro evaluation of novel antisense oligonucleotides is predictive of in vivo exon skipping activity for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Gene Med 12:354–364
Yin H, Betts C, Saleh AF, Ivanova GD, Lee H, Seow Y, Kim D, Gait MJ, Wood MJ (2010) Optimization of peptide nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides for local and systemic dystrophin splice correction in the mdx mouse. Mol Ther 18:819–827
Yin H, Moulton HM, Betts C, Merritt T, Seow Y, Ashraf S, Wang Q, Boutilier J, Wood MJ (2010) Functional rescue of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice by a chimeric peptide-PMO. Mol Ther 18:1822–1829
El-Andaloussi S, Johansson HJ, Lundberg P, Langel U (2006) Induction of splice correction by cell-penetrating peptide nucleic acids. J Gene Med 8:1262–1273
El-Sayed A, Masuda T, Khalil I, Akita H, Harashima H (2009) Enhanced gene expression by a novel stearylated INF7 peptide derivative through fusion independent endosomal escape. J Control Release 138:160–167
Koppelhus U, Shiraishi T, Zachar V, Pankratova S, Nielsen PE (2008) Improved cellular activity of antisense peptide nucleic acids by conjugation to a cationic peptide-lipid (CatLip) domain. Bioconjug Chem 19:1526–1534
Hu J, Corey DR (2007) Inhibiting gene expression with peptide nucleic acid (PNA)–peptide conjugates that target chromosomal DNA. Biochemistry 46:7581–7589
Abes S, Williams D, Prevot P, Thierry A, Gait MJ, Lebleu B (2006) Endosome trapping limits the efficiency of splicing correction by PNA-oligolysine conjugates. J Control Release 110:595–604
Shiraishi T, Pankratova S, Nielsen PE (2005) Calcium ions effectively enhance the effect of antisense Peptide nucleic acids conjugated to cationic tat and oligoarginine peptides. Chem Biol 12:923–929
Turner JJ, Ivanova GD, Verbeure B, Williams D, Arzumanov AA, Abes S, Lebleu B, Gait MJ (2005) Cell-penetrating peptide conjugates of peptide nucleic acids (PNA) as inhibitors of HIV-1 Tat-dependent trans-activation in cells. Nucleic Acids Res 33:6837–6849
Gao K, Huang L (2009) Nonviral methods for siRNA delivery. Mol Pharm 6:651–658
Wu SY, McMillan NA (2009) Lipidic systems for in vivo siRNA delivery. AAPS J 11:639–652
Lv H, Zhang S, Wang B, Cui S, Yan J (2006) Toxicity of cationic lipids and cationic polymers in gene delivery. J Control Release 114:100–109
Mologni L, Marchesi E, Nielsen PE, Gambacorti-Passerini C (2001) Inhibition of promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid receptor-alpha and PML expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells by anti-PML peptide nucleic acid. Cancer Res 61:5468–5473
Fotin-Mleczek M, Fischer R, Brock R (2005) Endocytosis and cationic cell-penetrating peptides–a merger of concepts and methods. Curr Pharm Des 11:3613–3628
Nakase I, Niwa M, Takeuchi T, Sonomura K, Kawabata N, Koike Y, Takehashi M, Tanaka S, Ueda K, Simpson JC et al (2004) Cellular uptake of arginine-rich peptides: roles for macropinocytosis and actin rearrangement. Mol Ther 10:1011–1022
Hogset A, Prasmickaite L, Hellum M, Engesaeter BO, Olsen VM, Tjelle TE, Wheeler CJ, Berg K (2002) Photochemical transfection: a technology for efficient light-directed gene delivery. Somat Cell Mol Genet 27:97–113
Erbacher P, Roche AC, Monsigny M, Midoux P (1996) Putative role of chloroquine in gene transfer into a human hepatoma cell line by DNA/lactosylated polylysine complexes. Exp Cell Res 225:186–194
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation and the Danish Council for Independent Research/Medical Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media, New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Shiraishi, T., Nielsen, P.E. (2014). Cellular Delivery of Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs). In: Nielsen, P., Appella, D. (eds) Peptide Nucleic Acids. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1050. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-553-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-553-8_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-552-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-553-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols