Abstract
Immunocytochemistry can be used to visualize the binding of specific site-directed antisera to receptors in tissue sections and permits the precise identification of cell types expressing a particular receptor when viewed using a conventional light microscope or by confocal microscopy. Protocols are also described for the dual labeling of cells in the same section using primary antisera raised in two different species (one to the receptor of interest, the second to an immunogen such as a cell-specific marker or the endogenous ligand) with the corresponding secondary antisera conjugated to different fluorescent dyes.
The technique has a range of applications. Subtypes of receptors can be identified and distinguished prior to the development of selective agonists or antagonists, which is particularly important for mapping orphan receptors, where the identity of the endogenous ligand in not yet known. The deletion of genes encoding receptors, particularly in mice, has emerged as a powerful tool in understanding the role of a specific receptor in physiological processes. Receptor immunocytochemistry can be used to analyze the resulting phenotype in whole body sections of mice without preselection of the tissue to be studied.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Davenport AP, Maguire JJ (2006) Endothelin. Handb Exp Pharmacol 176(Pt 1):295–329
Davenport AP (2002) International Union of Pharmacology. XXIX. Update on endothelin receptor nomenclature. Pharmacol Rev 54:219–226
Vachiery JL, Davenport A (2009) The endothelin system in pulmonary and renal vasculopathy: les liaisons dangereuses. Eur Respir Rev 18:260–271
Kelland NF, Kuc RE, McLean DL, Azfer A, Bagnall AJ, Gray GA, Gulliver-Sloan FH, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP, Kotelevtsev YV, Webb DJ (2010) Endothelial cell-specific ETB receptor knockout: autoradiographic and histological characterisation and crucial role in the clearance of endothelin-1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 88:644–651
Bagnall AJ, Kelland NF, Gulliver-Sloan F, Davenport AP, Gray GA, Yanagisawa M, Webb DJ, Kotelevtsev YV (2006) Deletion of endothelial cell endothelin B receptors does not affect blood pressure or sensitivity to salt. Hypertension 48:286–293
Kuc R, Davenport AP (2004) Comparison of endothelin-A and endothelin-B receptor distribution visualized by radioligand binding versus immunocytochemical localization using subtype selective antisera. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 44(Suppl 1):S224–S226
Kuc RE, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP (2006) Quantification of endothelin receptor subtypes in peripheral tissues reveals downregulation of ET(A) receptors in ET(B)-deficient mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 231:741–745
Foord SM, Bonner TI, Neubig RR, Rosser EM, Pin JP, Davenport AP, Spedding M, Harmar AJ (2005) International Union of Pharmacology. XLVI. G protein-coupled receptor list. Pharmacol Rev 57:279–288
Ozawa A, Lindberg I, Roth B, Kroeze WK (2010) Deorphanization of novel peptides and their receptors. AAPS J 12:378–384
Wise A, Jupe SC, Rees S (2004) The identification of ligands at orphan G-protien coupled receptors. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 44:43–66
Katugampola S, Davenport AP (2003) Emerging roles for orphan G protein-coupled receptors in the cardiovascular system. Trends Pharmacol Sci 24:30–35
Davenport AP (2003) Peptide and trace amine orphan receptors: prospects for new therapeutic targets. Curr Opin Pharmacol 3:127–134
Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Davenport AP (2000) Orphan-receptor ligand human urotensin II: receptor localization in human tissues and comparison of vasoconstrictor responses with endothelin-1. Br J Pharmacol 131:441–446
Maguire JJ, Davenport AP (2002) Is urotensin-II the new endothelin? Br J Pharmacol 137:579–588
Mead EJ, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Davenport AP (2007) Kisspeptins are novel potent vasoconstrictors in humans, with a discrete localization of their receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 54, to atherosclerosis-prone vessels. Endocrinology 148:140–147
Maguire JJ, Kirby HR, Mead EJ, Kuc RE, de d’Anglemont Tassigny X, Colledge WH, Davenport AP (2011) Potent Inotropic Actions of the Puberty Hormone Kisspeptin in Rat, Mouse and Human: Cardiovascular Distribution and Characteristics of the Kisspeptin Receptor. PLOS1 6(11):e27601
Mead EJ, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Davenport AP (2007) Kisspeptins: a multifunctional peptide system with a role in reproduction, cancer and the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 151:1143–1153
Kirby HR, Maguire JJ, Colledge WH, Davenport AP (2010) International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVII. Kisspeptin receptor nomenclature, distribution, and function. Pharmacol Rev 62: 565–578
Mitchell JD, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Davenport AP (2009) Expression and vasoconstrictor function of anorexigenic peptides neuromedin U-25 and S in the human cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res 81:353–361
Mitchell JD, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP (2009) Emerging pharmacology and physiology of neuromedin U and the structurally related peptide neuromedin S. Br J Pharmacol 158: 87–103
Singh G, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Fidock M, Davenport AP (2004) Identification and cellular localisation of NPW1 (GPR7) receptors for the novel neuropeptide W-23 by (125I)-NPW radioligand binding and immunocytochemistry. Brain Res 1017:222–226
Singh G, Davenport AP (2006) Neuropeptide B and W: neurotransmitters in an emerging G-protein-coupled receptor system. Br J Pharmacol 148:1033–1041
Kleinz MJ, Skepper JN, Davenport AP (2005) Immunocytochemical localisation of the apelin receptor, APJ, to human cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Regul Pept 126:233–240
Pitkin SL, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Davenport AP (2010) Modulation of the apelin/APJ system in heart failure and atherosclerosis in man. Br J Pharmacol 160:1785–1795
Maguire JJ, Kleinz MJ, Pitkin SL, Davenport AP (2009) (Pyr1)apelin-13 identified as the predominant apelin isoform in the human heart: vasoactive mechanisms and inotropic action in disease. Hypertension 54:598–604
Macaluso NJ, Pitkin SL, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP, Glen RC (2011) Discovery of a competitive apelin receptor (APJ) antagonist. ChemMedChem 6:1017–1023
Kleinz MJ, Davenport AP (2005) Emerging roles of apelin in biology and medicine. Pharmacol Ther 107:198–211
Pitkin SL, Maguire JJ, Bonner TI, Davenport AP (2010) International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIV. Apelin receptor nomenclature, distribution, pharmacology, and function. Pharmacol Rev 62:331–342
Davenport AP, Kuc RE (2000) Cellular expression of isoforms of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1c, ECE-1b and ECE-1a) and endothelin-converting enzyme-2. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 36:S12–S14
Davenport AP, Morton AJ (1991) Binding sites for 125I ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and vasoactive intestinal contractor are present in adult rat brain and neurone-enriched primary cultures of embryonic brain cells. Brain Res 554: 278–285
Russell FD, Skepper JN, Davenport AP (1997) Detection of endothelin receptors in human coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells by using electron microscope autoradiography. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 29:820–826
Baker SJ, Morris JL, Gibbins IL (2003) Cloning of a C-terminally truncated NK-1 receptor from guinea-pig nervous system. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 111:136–147
Oliver KR, Wainwright A, Edvinsson L, Pickard JD, Hill RG (2002) Immunohistochemical localization of calcitonin receptor-like receptor and receptor activity-modifying proteins in the human cerebral vasculature. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 22:620–629
Hipser C, Bushlin I, Gupta A, Gomes I, Devi LA (2010) Role of antibodies in developing drugs that target G-protein-coupled receptor dimers. Mt Sinai J Med 77:374–380
Gupta A, Decaillot FM, Gomes I, Tkalych O, Heimann AS, Ferro ES, Devi LA (2007) Conformation state-sensitive antibodies to G-protein-coupled receptors. J Biol Chem 282:5116–5124
Schulte G (2010) International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology LXXX. The class Frizzled receptors. Pharmacol Rev 62:632–667
Lum AM, Wang BB, Beck-Engeser GB, Li L, Channa N, Wabl M (2010) Orphan receptor GPR110, an oncogene overexpressed in lung and prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 10:40
Tazoe H, Otomo Y, Kaji I, Tanaka R, Karaki SI, Kuwahara A (2008) Roles of short-chain fatty acids receptors, GPR41 and GPR43 on colonic functions. J Physiol Pharmacol 59(Suppl 2):251–262
D’Orleans-Juste P, Honore J-C, Carrier E, Labonte J (2003) Cardiovascular diseases: new insights from knockout mice. Curr Opin Pharmacol 3:181–185
Kurihara H, Kurihara J, Yazaki Y (2001) Lessons from gene deletion of endothelin systems. Hdbk Exp Pharmacol 152:141–154
Michel MC, Wieland T, Tsujimoto G (2009) How reliable are G-protein-coupled receptor antibodies? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 379:385–388
Acknowledgements
Supported by grants from the British Heart Foundation RG/10/077/28300, PG/09/050/27734.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Davenport, A.P., Kuc, R.E. (2012). Cellular Localization of Receptors Using Antibodies Visualized by Light and Dual Labeling Confocal Microscopy. In: Davenport, A. (eds) Receptor Binding Techniques. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 897. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-909-9_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-909-9_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-908-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-909-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols