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MicroRNAs Role in Prostate Cancer

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Cancer Epigenetics for Precision Medicine

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1856))

Abstract

Prostate cancer still represents a major health problem for men worldwide. Due to the specific limitation of the currently used clinical biomarkers for prostate cancer, there is a need to identify new and more accurate prostate-specific biomarkers, both for diagnosis and prediction. Small noncoding species of RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as possible biomarkers in cancer tissues as well as biological fluids, including for prostate cancer. Moreover, it has been shown that miRNAs could be used as therapeutic targets in different cancer types, including prostate cancer, playing an important role in improving diagnosis and prognosis; and miRNAs have the potential to be clinically useful as predictors of response to personalized cancer therapy and as predictors of prognosis. The analysis of miRNAs in prostate tissue is rather straightforward and has been routinely done on fresh tissue. In addition, due to the more stable nature of miRNAs, they are amenable to be analyzed in archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue as well, and also in serum, plasma and urine, using various analytical platforms including microarrays, next generation sequencing and real time PCR. Moreover, although the existence or prostasomes (microvesicles secreted by prostate cells including prostate cancer cells) has been known for years and they were studied as a source of biomarkers for prostate cancer, only recently it has been described that these vesicles also contain miRNAs that could be used as biomarkers in prostate cancer. This chapter underscores the feasibility of current technologies for miRNA analysis and their importance in prostate cancer biology. Moreover, elucidating the specific alteration of miRNA expression and how to modulate it in prostate tissue will open new avenues for developing therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Ovidiu Balacescu

  2. Kelly Government Solutions, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Ramona G. Dumitrescu

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania

    Catalin Marian

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  1. Ovidiu Balacescu
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  2. Ramona G. Dumitrescu
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  3. Catalin Marian
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Correspondence to Catalin Marian .

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  1. Kelly Government Solutions, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Ramona G. Dumitrescu

  2. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Mukesh Verma

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Balacescu, O., Dumitrescu, R.G., Marian, C. (2018). MicroRNAs Role in Prostate Cancer. In: Dumitrescu, R., Verma, M. (eds) Cancer Epigenetics for Precision Medicine . Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1856. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8751-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8751-1_6

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