Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation is a method to isolate a protein of interest coupled to DNA following cross-linking with formaldehyde and to quantify the relative abundance or occupancy of the protein at specific genomic loci. After immunoprecipitation of protein–DNA complexes protein–DNA cross-links are reversed and the DNA is extracted. Various methods exist to identify binding sites and determine relative occupancy of the protein of interest; these include quantitative PCR, probing microarrays or sequencing the isolated DNA (ChIP-seq). This chapter details the method of chromatin immunoprecipitation of TOP2 to the point of DNA extraction from the precipitated protein–DNA complexes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lyu YL, Lin CP, Azarova AM, Cai L, Wang JC, Liu LF (2006) Role of topoisomerase IIbeta in the expression of developmentally regulated genes. Mol Cell Biol 26:7929–7941
BG J, Lunyak VV, Perissi V, Garcia-Bassets I, Rose DW, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG (2006) A topoisomerase IIbeta-mediated dsDNA break required for regulated transcription. Science 312:1798–1802
Sano K, Miyaji-Yamaguchi M, Tsutsui KM, Tsutsui K (2008) Topoisomerase IIbeta activates a subset of neuronal genes that are repressed in AT-rich genomic environment. PLoS One 3(12):e4103. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004103
Perillo B, Ombra MN, Bertoni A, Cuozzo C, Sacchetti S, Sasso A, Chiariotti L, Malorni A, Abbondanza C, Avvedimento EV (2008) DNA oxidation as triggered by H3K9me2 demethylation drives estrogen-induced gene expression. Science 319:202–206
McNamara S, Wang H, Hanna N, Miller WH Jr (2008) Topoisomerase IIbeta negatively modulates retinoic acid receptor alpha function: a novel mechanism of retinoic acid resistance. Mol Cell Biol 28(6):2066–2077
McNamara S, Nichol JN, Wang H, Miller WH Jr (2010) Targeting PKC delta-mediated topoisomerase II beta overexpression subverts the differentiation block in a retinoic acid-resistant APL cell line. Leukemia 24(4):729–739
Haffner MC, Aryee MJ, Toubaji A, Esopi DM, Albadine R, Gurel B, Isaacs WB, Bova GS, Liu W, Xu J, Meeker AK, Netto G, De Marzo AM, Nelson WG, Yegnasubramanian S (2010) Androgen-induced TOP2B-mediated double-strand breaks and prostate cancer gene rearrangements. Nat Genet 42(8):668–675
Tiwari VK, Burger L, Nikoletopoulou V, Deogracias R, Thakurela S, Wirbelauer C, Kaut J, Terranova R, Hoerner L, Mielke C, Boege F, Murr R, Peters AH, Barde YA, Schübeler D (2012) Target genes of topoisomerase IIβ regulate neuronal survival and are defined by their chromatin state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(16):E934–E943
Thakurela S, Garding A, Jung J, Schübeler D, Burger L, Tiwari VK (2013) Gene regulation and priming by topoisomerase IIα in embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 4:2478
Cowell IG, Sondka Z, Smith K, Lee KC, Manville CM, Sidorczuk-Lesthuruge M, Rance HA, Padget K, Jackson GH, Adachi N, Austin CA (2012) Model for MLL translocations in therapy-related leukemia involving topoisomerase IIβ-mediated DNA strand breaks and gene proximity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(23):8989–8994
Naughton C, Avlonitis N, Corless S, Prendergast JG, Mati IK, Eijk PP, Cockroft SL, Bradley M, Ylstra B, Gilbert N (2013) Transcription forms and remodels supercoiling domains unfolding large-scale chromatin structures. Nat Struct Mol Biol 20(3):387–395. https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2509
Smith KA, Cowell IG, Zhang Y, Sondka Z, Austin CA (2014) The role of topoisomerase II beta on breakage and proximity of RUNX1 to partner alleles RUNX1T1 and EVI1. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 53(2):117–128
Zuchegna C, Aceto F, Bertoni A, Romano A, Perillo B, Laccetti P, Gottesman ME, Avvedimento EV, Porcellini A (2014) Mechanism of retinoic acid-induced transcription: histone code, DNA oxidation and formation of chromatin loops. Nucleic Acids Res 42(17):11040–11055
Madabhushi R, Gao F, Pfenning AR, Pan L, Yamakawa S, Seo J, Rueda R, Phan TX, Yamakawa H, Pao PC, Stott RT, Gjoneska E, Nott A, Cho S, Kellis M, Tsai LH (2015) Activity-induced DNA breaks govern the expression of neuronal early-response genes. Cell 161(7):1592–1605
Manville CM, Smith K, Sondka Z, Rance H, Cockell S, Cowell IG, Lee KC, Morris NJ, Padget K, Jackson GH, Austin CA (2015) Genome-wide ChIP-seq analysis of human TOP2B occupancy in MCF7 breast cancer epithelial cells. Biol Open 4(11):1436–1447
Uusküla-Reimand L, Hou H, Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Rudan MV, Liang M, Medina-Rivera A, Mohammed H, Schmidt D, Schwalie P, Young EJ, Reimand J, Hadjur S, Gingras AC, Wilson MD (2016) Topoisomerase II beta interacts with cohesin and CTCF at topological domain borders. Genome Biol 17(1):182
Landt SG, Marinov GK, Kundaje A, Kheradpour P, Pauli F, Batzoglou S, Bernstein BE, Bickel P, Brown JB, Cayting P, Chen Y, DeSalvo G, Epstein C, Fisher-Aylor KI, Euskirchen G, Gerstein M, Gertz J, Hartemink AJ, Hoffman MM, Iyer VR, Jung YL, Karmakar S, Kellis M, Kharchenko PV, Li Q, Liu T, Liu XS, Ma L, Milosavljevic A, Myers RM, Park PJ, Pazin MJ, Perry MD, Raha D, Reddy TE, Rozowsky J, Shoresh N, Sidow A, Slattery M, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Tolstorukov MY, White KP, Xi S, Farnham PJ, Lieb JD, Wold BJ, Snyder M (2012) ChIP-seq guidelines and practices of the ENCODE and modENCODE consortia. Genome Res 22(9):1813–1831
Kidder BL, Hu G, Zhao K (2011) ChIP-Seq: technical considerations for obtaining high-quality data. Nat Immunol 12(10):918–922
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Smith, K.A., Cowell, I.G., Austin, C.A. (2018). Topoisomerase II Chromatin Immunoprecipitation. In: Drolet, M. (eds) DNA Topoisomerases. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1703. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7459-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7459-7_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7458-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7459-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols