Abstract
Opsins are classified as either class I (microbial) or II (seven transmembrane) opsins. Class I opsins include channelrhodopsin and halorhodopsin, and are reviewed in previous chapters. Class II opsins are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and include the vertebrate opsins that underlie mammalian, including human, vision. Chimeras made of class II opsins and other GPCRs allow the precise control of secondary messengers of intracellular signaling like cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or the inositol triphosphate (IP3)/calcium system. These allow for optogenetic control of cellular behavior in addition to the excitation/inhibition axis that channelrhodopsin and halorhodopsin offer. The fast kinetics of light transduction within these single-element chimeras allows temporally precise control of GPCR signaling. Spatially precise control can be achieved via small optic fibers and microscopic control of the illumination field. We here give an overview about recent developments of class II opsin/GPCR chimera as promising tools for molecular and behavioral manipulation.
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Ellwardt, E., Airan, R.D. (2018). Optogenetic Control of Intracellular Signaling: Class II Opsins. In: Stroh, A. (eds) Optogenetics: A Roadmap. Neuromethods, vol 133. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7417-7_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7417-7_4
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