Abstract
Synthetic seed or encapsulated somatic embryos may be used for propagation, storage, and exchange of plant germplasm and have many diverse applications in date palm cultivation. They have advantages over conventional use of offshoot material for germplasm propagation, maintenance, exchange, and transportation. This chapter describes a protocol for date palm synthetic seed production by encapsulation of somatic embryos with sodium alginate. Among three concentrations used, 3% sodium alginate followed by dropping into 2.5% calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution shows the best concentration of gel matrix for both maintenance and recovery. In addition, storage of the encapsulated date palm somatic embryos at 5 °C improves the survival and conversion into plantlets; otherwise, 20 g/L sucrose in the culture medium enhances conversion of the recovered somatic embryos to plantlets. This protocol is promising for in vitro conservation and international exchange of date palm germplasm.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bapat VA (2000) Synthetic seeds: a novel concept in seed biotechnology. BARC Newslett 200:7–11
Rai MK, Asthana P, Singh SK, Jaiswal VS, Jaiswal U (2009) The encapsulation technology in fruit plants - a review. Biotechnol Adv 27:671–679
Standardi A, Piccioni P (1998) Recent perspectives on synthetic seed technology using nonembryogenic in vitro-derived explants. Int J Plant Sci 156:968–978
Saiprasad GV, Polisetty R (2003) Propagation of three orchid genera using encapsulated protocorm-like bodies. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 39:42–48
Bekheet SA (2006) A synthetic seed method through encapsulation of in vitro proliferated bulblets of garlic (Allium sativum L). Arab J Biotech 9(3):415–426
Danso KE, Ford BV (2003) Encapsulation of nodal cuttings and shoot tips for storage and exchange of cassava germplasm. Plant Cell Rep 21:718–725
Uozumi N, Kobayashi T (1995) Artificial seed production through encapsulation of hairy roots and shoot tips. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 30., Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seeds. Springer, Berlin, pp 170–180
Micheli M, Pellegrino E, Piccioni E, Standadi A (2002) Effect of double encapsulation and coating on synthetic seed conversion in 26 apple rootstock. J Microencapsul 19:347–356
Gray DJ, Purohit A (1991) Somatic embryogenesis and development of synthetic seed technology. Ceit Rev Plant Sci 10:33–61
Patel AV, Pusch I, Mix-Wagner G, Vorlop KD (2000) A novel encapsulation technique for the production of artificial seed. Plant Cell Rep 19:868–874
Ghosh B, Sen S (1994) Plant regeneration from alginate encapsulated somatic embryos of Asparagus cooper baker. Plant Cell Rep 13:381–385
Ibrahim AI, Gomaa AH, Eldein AS, Faik B, Hamd AM (2003) Encapsulation of somatic embryos of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in synthetic seed coats. Ann Agri Sci Moshtohor 41(1):299–312
Bekheet SA, Taha HS, El-Bahr MK (2005) Preservation of date palm cultures using encapsulated somatic embryos. Arab J Biotechnol 8:319–328
Fki L, Masmoudi R, Kriaâ W, Mahjoub A et al (2011) Date palm micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 47–68
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Ganapathi TR, Suprasanna P, Bapat VA, Rao PS (1992) Propagation of banana through encapsulated shoot tips. Plant Cell Rep 11:571–575
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Bekheet, S.A. (2017). Encapsulation of Date Palm Somatic Embryos: Synthetic Seeds. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Date Palm Biotechnology Protocols Volume II. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1638. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7159-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7159-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7158-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7159-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols