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Phagocytosis: Hungry, Hungry Cells

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Phagocytosis and Phagosomes

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1519))

Abstract

Phagocytosis is the cellular internalization and sequestration of particulate matter into a `phagosome, which then matures into a phagolysosome. The phagolysosome then offers a specialized acidic and hydrolytic milieu that ultimately degrades the engulfed particle. In multicellular organisms, phagocytosis and phagosome maturation play two key physiological roles. First, phagocytic cells have an important function in tissue remodeling and homeostasis by eliminating apoptotic bodies, senescent cells and cell fragments. Second, phagocytosis is a critical weapon of the immune system, whereby cells like macrophages and neutrophils hunt and engulf a variety of pathogens and foreign particles. Not surprisingly, pathogens have evolved mechanisms to either block or alter phagocytosis and phagosome maturation, ultimately usurping the cellular machinery for their own survival. Here, we review past and recent discoveries that highlight how phagocytes recognize target particles, key signals that emanate after phagocyte-particle engagement, and how these signals help modulate actin-dependent remodeling of the plasma membrane that culminates in the release of the phagosome. We then explore processes related to early and late stages of phagosome maturation, which requires fusion with endosomes and lysosomes. We end this review by acknowledging that little is known about phagosome fission and even less is known about how phagosomes are resolved after particle digestion.

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Acknowledgements

M.G. is funded through support from Ryerson University, a Canada Research Chair and Early Researcher Awards to R.J.B. Research in the laboratory of R.J.B. is supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3

    Matthew Gray & Roberto J. Botelho

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3

    Roberto J. Botelho

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  1. Matthew Gray
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  2. Roberto J. Botelho
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Correspondence to Roberto J. Botelho .

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Roberto Botelho

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Gray, M., Botelho, R.J. (2017). Phagocytosis: Hungry, Hungry Cells. In: Botelho, R. (eds) Phagocytosis and Phagosomes. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1519. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6581-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6581-6_1

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6579-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6581-6

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