Abstract
The use of hypothermic conditions for either storage or continuous perfusion of isolated organs has for some years been regarded as a prerequisite for their continuing viability. The rationale for such approaches has remained, however, largely empirical, and is based on the principle that if metabolism is responsible for tissue deterioration, and metabolic processes are temperature-dependent, then a reduction in temperature should lead to extended survival of isolated organs. The very fact that the application of hypothermic techniques has met with some success has proved to be a mixed blessing. On the one hand it has generated much research effort devoted to optimizing both the composition of perfusing media and the operating temperature. On the other hand it has tended to obscure a detailed appraisal of the effects of temperatureper se on cell function.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ansell, G.B. and Hawthorne, J.N. (1964). Phospholipids, Chemistry, Metabolism and Function. ( Amsterdam: Elsevier )
Quinn, P.J. (1976). The Molecular Biology of Cell Membranes. ( London: Macmillan )
Singer, S.J. and Nicolson, G.L. (1972). The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science, 175, 720
Singer, S. J. (1977). The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure. In Abrahamsson, S. and Pascher, I. (eds) Structure of Biological Membranes, pp. 443 - 461. ( New York: Plenum Press )
Henderson, R., Capaldi, R.A. and Leigh, J.S. (1977). Arrangement of cytochrome oxidase molecules in two-dimensional vesicle crystals. J. Mol. Biol., 112, 631
Rosenkranz, J. (1977). New aspects of the ultrastructure of frog rod outer segments. Int. Rev. Cytol, 50, 25
Ross, M.J., Klymkowsky, M.W., Agard, D. A. and Stroud, R.M. (1977). Structural studies of a membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. J. Mol. Biol., 116, 635
Bangham, A. D., Standish, M. M. and Watkins, J. C. (1965). Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids. J. Mol. Biol., 13, 238
Huang, C. (1969). Studies on phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Formation and physical characteristics. Biochemistry, 8, 344
Hubbell, W.L. and McConnell, H.M. (1971). Molecular motion in spin-labeled phospholipids and membranes. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 93, 314
Jost, P., Waggoner, A.S. and Griffith, O.H. (1971). Spin labelling and membrane structure. In Rothfield, L.I. (ed.), Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, pp. 83 - 144. ( New York and London: Academic Press )
Horowitz, A.F., Horstey, W.J. and Klein, M.P. (1972). Magnetic resonance studies on membrane and model membrane systems: proton magnetic relaxation rates in sonicated lecithin dispersions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 69, 590
Seelig, J. and Niederberger, W. (1974). Deuterium-labeled lipids as structural probes in liquid crystalline bilayers. A deuterium magnetic resonance study. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 96, 2069
Shinitzky, M., Dianoux, A.C., Gitler, C. and Weber, G. (1971). Microviscosity and order in the hydrocarbon region of micelles and membranes determined with fluorescent probes. I Synthetic micelles. Biochemistry, 10, 2106
Cogan, U., Shinitzky, M., Weber, G. and Nishida, T. (1973). Microviscosity and order in the hydrocarbon region of phospholipid and phospholipid-cholesterol dispersions determined with fluorescent probes. Biochemistry, 12, 521
Chapman, D. (1975). Phase transitions and fluidity characteristics of lipids and cell membranes. Q. Rev. Biophys., 8, 185
Ladbrooke, B.D. and Chapman, D. (1969). Thermal analysis of lipids, proteins and biological membranes. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 3, 304
Hinz, H.J. and Sturtevant, J.M. (1972). Calorimetric investigation of the influence of cholesterol on the transition properties of bilayers formed from synthetic L-a-lecithins in aqueous suspension. J. Biol. Chem., 247, 3697
Oldfield, E. and Chapman, D. (1972). Dynamics of lipids in membranes: heterogeneity and the role of cholesterol. FEBS Lett., 23, 285
Chapman, D., Urbina, J. and Keough, K.M. (1974). Biomembrane phase transitions. Studies of lipid-water systems using differential scanning calorimetry. J. Biol. Chem., 249, 2512
Phillips, M. C. and Finer, E. G. (1974). The stoichiometry and dynamics of lecithin-cholesterol clusters in bilayer membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 356, 199
Ladbrooke, B.D., Williams, R.M. and Chapman, D. (1968). Studies on lecithin-cholesterol-water interactions by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 150, 333
Schreier-Muccillo, S., Marsh, D., Dugas, H., Schneider, H. and Smith, I.C.P. (1973). A spin probe study of the influence of cholesterol on the motion and orientation of phospholipids in oriented multi-bilayers and vesicles. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 10, 11
Ladbrooke, B.D., Jenkinson, T.J., Kamat, V.B. and Chapman, D. (1968). Physical studies of myelin. 1. Thermal analysis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 164, 101
Chapman, D. and Urbina, J. (1971). Phase transition and bilayer structure of Mycoplasma laidlawii. FEBS Lett., 12, 169
Fox, F.C. and Tsukagoshi, T. (1972). The influence of lipid phase transitions on membrane function and assembly. In Fox, C.F. (ed.), Membrane Research, p. 145. ( London and New York: Academic Press )
Curatolo, W., Verma, S.P., Sakura, J.D., Small, D.M., Shipley, G.G. and Wallach, F.H. (1978). Structural effects of myelin proteolipid apoprotein on phospholipids: a Raman spectroscopic study. Biochemistry, 17, 1802
Chapman, D., Cornell, B. A. and Quinn, P.J. (1977). Phase transitions, protein aggregation and a new method for modulating membrane fluidity. In Semenza, G. and Carafoli, (eds) Biochemistry of Membrane Transport. FEBS-Symposium No. 42, pp. 72 - 85. ( Berlin: Springer )
Hoffmann, W., Sarzala, G.M., Gomez-Fernandez, J.C., Goni, F.M., Restall, C.J., Chapman, D., Heppeler, G. and Kreutz, W. (1980). Protein rotational diffusion and lipid structure of reconstituted systems of Ca2+ activated adenosine triphosphate. J. Mol. Biol., 141, 119
Bottomley, J.M., Kramers, M.T.C. and Chapman, D. (1980). Cholesterol depletion from biomembranes of murine lymphocytes and human tonsil lymphocytes. FEBS Lett., 119, 261
Kramers, M.T.C., Patrick, J., Bottomley, J.M., Quinn, P.J. and Chapman, D. (1980). Studies of liposome interactions with rat thymocytes. Eur. J. Biochem., 110, 579
Cherry, R.J. (1979). Rotational and lateral diffusion of membrane proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 559, 289
Hoffmann, W., Sarzala, M.G. and Chapman, D. (1979). Rotational motion and evidence for oligomeric structures of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 +-activated ATPase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76, 3860
Poo, M. M. and Cone, R. A. (1974). Lateral diffusion of rhodopsin in the photoreceptor membrane. Nature (Lond.), 247, 438
Fowler, V. and Branton, D. (1977). Lateral mobility of human erythrocyte integral membrane proteins. Nature (Lond.), 268, 23
Elgsaeter, A. and Branton, D. (1974). Intramembrane particle aggregation in erythrocyte ghosts. I. The effects of protein removal. J. Cell Biol., 63, 1018
Kimelberg, H.K. and Papahadjopoulos, D. (1972). Phospholipid requirements for (Na+-K+)-ATPase activity, head-group specificity and fatty acid fluidity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 282, 277
Feo, F., Canuto, R.A., Garcea, R., Avogadro, A., Villa, M. and Celasco, M. (1976). Lipid phase transition and breaks in the Arrhenius plots of membrane-bound enzymes in mitochondria from normal rat liver and hepatoma AH-130. FEBS Lett., 72, 262
Inesi, G., Millman, M. and Eletr, S. (1973). Temperature-induced transitions of function and structure in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. J. Mol. Biol., 81, 483
Hensel, H., Bruck, K. and Raths, P. (1973). In Precht, H., Christopherson, J., Hensel, H. and Larcher, W. (eds) Temperature and Life, p. 505. ( Berlin: Springer )
Miller, K.W. and Pang, K-Y.Y. (1976). General anaesthetics can selectively perturb bilayer membranes. Nature (Lond.), 263, 253
Trudell, J. R., Payan, D. G., Chin, J. H. and Cohen, E. N. (1975). The antagonistic effect of an inhalation anesthetic and high pressure on the phase diagram of mixed dipal- mitoyl-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 72, 210
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 MTP Press Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pringle, M.J. (1982). Membrane functions. In: Pegg, D.E., Jacobsen, I.A., Halasz, N.A. (eds) Organ Preservation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6267-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6267-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6269-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6267-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive