Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Towards a Novel Conception of Bene Culturale

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cultural Heritage and Value Creation

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to seek a leit motif that can be justified in sociological terms, underpinning evolving trends in the concepts of bene culturale and culture over time. The evolutionary conception of cultural goods is identified in three specific phases from a prevailing view of cultural goods strongly centred on their material characteristics, to a more dynamic view that abandons to a certain extent the reductionist approach, up to a more recent view in which the conception of cultural value evolves in the vision of the intangible and toward a service logic. In this changing view, the value of a cultural good is conveyed by the value of use derived from its setting as a systemic value that is achieved in terms of service. A scheme of synthesis is devised to summarise the observed evolutionary pathway as a shift from a preliminary formalised proposal centred on an objective view of cultural value, towards a proposal open to multiple experiential pathways in the enjoinment of cultural heritage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Cf. Chapter by Montella in this book; see also Montella 2009a, b.

  2. 2.

    Cf. Golinelli 2011.

  3. 3.

    The notion of immateriality, as we will see hereafter, does not completely express the change in perspective. The accepted awareness that the material vision does not fully grasp the wide variety of cultural value, referred not only to material objects but also to practices, traditions and more generally to elements that extend beyond the physical materiality of the goods, although representing a significant step toward a new conception of cultural goods, does not accomplish the change in perspective because of its strong attachment to the traditional view. This view qualifies in fact the new conception in how it differs from known conceptual schemes and categories. The intangibility, in this sense, is defined for negation as “non” tangibility, whereas the point is not passing from a material dimension to a “non” material one, i.e., passing from the concept of “corpuscle” to that of “non” corpuscle, versus passing from the concept of corpuscle to that of wave.

  4. 4.

    Toffler 1987.

  5. 5.

    Rifkin 2010.

  6. 6.

    Cf. Barile and Gatti 2007.

  7. 7.

    An ongoing scientific analysis of the phenomenon of the potential “emergence” of order in complex systems involves authors engaged in sectors of research that range from science to the arts. See, for instance, Kauffman 1992, Lazlo 1995, Minsky 1989, Pessa 1998, Minati 2001.

  8. 8.

    Cf. Rullani 2004, p. 76.

  9. 9.

    Cf. Barile and Saviano 2008, 2011, et al. 2011, Barile and Saviano 2012, Barile et al. 2013, Saviano and Caputo 2013.

  10. 10.

    Cf. Barile 2000, 2008, 2009a, b; Golinelli 2000, 2005; Golinelli et al. 2010.

  11. 11.

    Cf. Barile and Saviano 2008, 2011.

  12. 12.

    Montella 2009a.

  13. 13.

    Relative to this concept and the various approaches to governance, the following chapter will illustrate not only the implications of overcoming the reductionist vision of cultural goods in terms of governance but also the opportunities intrinsic to a service perspective.

  14. 14.

    On the concept of immaterial goods in a cultural goods context, see also Tamma 2010.

  15. 15.

    The concept of information variety proposes a representation of any viable entity as composed by information units, interpretation schemes and categorical values that define its systemic identity. Based on Ashby’s requisite variety principle, the concept of information variety allows the analysis of the conditions of consonance between two or more interacting entities through the evaluation of the degree of alignment between their varieties. Cf. Ashby 1956; Barile 2009a.

  16. 16.

    Blumer 2008.

  17. 17.

    The co-creation view of value proposed by the service-dominant logic paradigm is a relevant perspective in this contribution. See Lusch and Vargo 2006; Lusch Vargo and Tanniru 2010

  18. 18.

    Rullani 2010.

  19. 19.

    Tracing the explicative contexts identified back to the historical evolution of the cultural goods, the relevant phases would include the following: an original phase of idealisation in which the value of cultural goods is embedded in the objects and represents a value idealistically tested from the historical and geographic context in which the object took its origin. In the subsequent phase of historicisation, focus remains on the goods but value derives precisely from the capacity to represent its historical and geographical context of origin.

  20. 20.

    Among the major theorists of relational logic, Evert Gummesson orients the perspective towards the network view, proposing many-to-many marketing as a general approach to marketing that describes, analyses, and uses the network properties of marketing, recognising that the various entities involved in the process of interaction operate as the components of complex networks Cf. Gummesson 2006, 2008.

  21. 21.

    Calcagno and Faccipieri 2010.

  22. 22.

    Although the reference is to the individual user, the opinion of researcher George Katona should also be considered. Katona suggests that an important factor in behavioural environment is belonging to a group. Although the individual feels, thinks and acts, the way that he feels, thinks and acts is influenced by the group to which he belongs. Each of us is nearly always a member of a group, and sometimes of several groups, and at different times has been a member of different groups. See Katona 1964, p. 113. The contribution of Katona finds development and partial justification in the conceptualisations of the viable systems approach.

  23. 23.

    In the preface to the volume Marketing del turismo by Kotler, Invernizzi indicates the systemic nature of the approach to use in tourism marketing. Cf. Invernizzi 2003. See also Barile and Saviano 2014.

  24. 24.

    The concepts of consonance and resonance, in addition to the other innovative elements proposed, will be clarified in the interpretative framework of the viable systems approach illustrated in the third chapter.

  25. 25.

    See, for example, Baccarani and Golinelli 2009.

  26. 26.

    In this respect, see Pilotti 2003.

  27. 27.

    See Saviano and Magliocca 2003, Saviano and Iorio 2010, Saviano and Di Nauta 2011.

  28. 28.

    Cf. Maglio and Spohrer 2008, Maglio et al. 2009, Wolfson et al. 2010, Maglio et al. 2010.

  29. 29.

    Cf. Gatti and Volpe 2009.

  30. 30.

    Cf. Lusch and Vargo 2006, Lusch et al. 2010, pp. 19–31.

  31. 31.

    Preliminary proposals for integrating the viable systems approach with S-D logic and service science are found in Barile and Polese 2010a, b.

  32. 32.

    Regarding relevant economic and financial issues, see Metallo and Cuomo 2008.

References

  • Asbhy WR (1956) An introduction to cybernetics. Chapman & Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Baccarani C, Golinelli GM (2009) Leadership for excellence in services. Sinergie 78:7–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S (2000) Contributi sul pensiero sistemico in economia d’impresa. Arnia, Salerno

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S (ed) (2008) (2006) L’impresa come sistema. Contributi sull’Approccio Sistemico Vitale (a S v). Giappichelli, Torino

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S (2009a) Management sistemico vitale. Decidere in contesti complessi, Parte Prima. Giappichelli, Torino

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S (2009b) The dynamic of information variety in the process of decision making. In: Proceeding of the 13th world multi-conference on systemics, cybernetics and informatics, WMSCI

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S, Carrubbo L, Iandolo F, Caputo F (2013) From ‘EGO’ to ‘ECO’ in B2B relationships. J Bus Mark Manag 6(4):228–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S, Gatti M (2007) Corporate governance e creazione di valore nella prospettiva sistemico-vitale. Sinergie 73(74):43–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S, Montella M, Saviano M (2011) Enhancement, value and viability of cultural heritage: towards a service-based systems approach. In: Gummesson E, Mele C, Polese F (eds) Service Dominant Logic, Network & Systems Theory and Service Science, Giannini, Napoli

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S, Polese F (2010a) Linking the viable system and many-to-many network approaches to service-dominant logic and service science. Int J Qual Ser Sci 2(1):23–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S, Polese F (2010b) Smart service systems and viable service systems. Ser Sci 2(1/2):21–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barile S, Saviano M (2008) (2006) Le basi del pensiero sistemico: la dicotomia struttura-sistema. In: Barile S (ed) L’impresa come sistema. Contributi sull’Approccio Sistemico Vitale (aSv). Giappichelli, Torino, pp 63–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S, Saviano M (2011) Foundations of systems thinking: the structure-systems paradigm. In: Various Authors Contributions to theoretical and practical advances in management. A viable systems approach (v S a), aSvSa, Associazione per la ricerca sui Sistemi Vitali. International Printing, Avellino, www.asvsa.org, pp 1–24

  • Barile S, Saviano M (2012) Oltre la partnership: un cambiamento di prospettiva. In: Esposito De Falco S, Gatti C La consonanza nel governo d’impresa. Profili teorici e applicazioni. Franco Angeli, Milano, pp 56–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile S, Saviano M (2014) Resource integration and value co-creation in cultural heritage management. In: Aiello L (ed) Management of cultural products: e-relationship marketing and accessibility perspectives. IGI Global, Hershey, pp 58–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatti M, Volpe L (2009) Il governo dell’impresa tra profitto e creazione di valore. Sinergie 79:145–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Golinelli GM (2002) L’approccio sistemico al governo dell’impresa. Verso la scientificazione dell’azione di governo, vol II. Cedam, Padova

    Google Scholar 

  • Golinelli GM (2005) (2000) L’approccio sistemico al governo dell’impresa. L’impresa sistema vitale, vol I. Cedam, Padova

    Google Scholar 

  • Golinelli GM (2010) Viable system approach. Governing business dynamics. Kluwer, Cedam

    Google Scholar 

  • Golinelli GM (2011) Les paysages en tant que patrimoine culturel. Land-scape as cultural heritage. In: La protection international des paysages Siège de l’UNESCO, Salle IV, Paris, France, 18 Avril

    Google Scholar 

  • Golinelli GM, Barile S, Spohrer J, Bassano C (2010) The evolving dynamics of service co-creation in a viable systems perspective. In: 13th Toulon-Verona conference, University of Coimbra, 2–4 Sept

    Google Scholar 

  • Gummesson E (2006) Many-to-many marketing as grand theory: a Nordic school contribution. In: Lusch RF, Vargo SL (eds) Toward a service-dominant logic of marketing—dialog, debate, and directions. M.E. Sharpe, New York, pp 339–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Gummesson E (2008) Total relationship marketing: Marketing management, relationship strategy, CRM, and a new dominant logic for the value-creating network economy, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Invernizzi E (2003). Prefazione. In: Kotler P, Bowen JT, Makens JC (eds) Marketing del turismo. McGraw-Hill, Milano

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman FA (1992) The origins of order. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazlo E (1995) The interconnected universe. World Scientific, New Jersey

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lusch RF, Vargo SL (2006) Toward a service-dominant logic of marketing: dialog, debate, and direction. M.E. Sharpe, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lusch RF, Vargo SL, Tanniru M (2010) Service, value networks and learning. J Acad Mark Sci 38(1):19–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maglio PP, Kieliszewski CA, Spohrer JC (eds) (2010) Service science: research and innovations in the service economy, 1st edn. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Maglio PP, Spohrer J (eds) (2008) Special issue on service science, management, and engineering. IBM Syst J 47(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maglio PP, Vargo SL, Caswell N, Spohrer J (2009) The service system is the basic abstraction of service science. Inf Syst Bus Manag 7:395–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metallo G, Cuomo MT (2008) Verso l’impiego di modelli economico-finanziari per la valutazione e la valorizzazione del patrimonio artistico-culturale L’esperienza dell’ambito di Nuceria Alfaterna. Sinergie 77:187–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Minati G (2001) Esseri collettivi. Apogeo, Milano

    Google Scholar 

  • Minsky M (1989) La società della mente. Adelphi, Milano

    Google Scholar 

  • Montella M (2009a) Il capitale culturale. EUM, Macerata

    Google Scholar 

  • Montella M (2009b) Valore e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale storico. Electa-Mondadori, Milano

    Google Scholar 

  • Pessa E (1998) Emergence, self-organization, and quantum theory. In: Proceedings of first Italian conference on systemics. Apogeo, Milano, pp 59–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilotti L (2003) Culture and arts as knowledge resources towards sustainability for identity of nations. Finanza, Mark e Prod 1:5–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Rifkin J (2010) La civiltà dell’empatia. La corsa verso la coscienza globale nel mondo in crisi. Mondadori, Milano

    Google Scholar 

  • Rullani E (2004) La fabbrica dell’immateriale. Carocci, Roma

    Google Scholar 

  • Rullani E (2010) Rischio e valore della conoscenza. La nuova impresa nella produzione immateriale. In: Marchi L, Maresca S (eds) Le risorse immateriali nell’economia delle aziende, vol 1. Il Mulino, Bologna

    Google Scholar 

  • Saviano M, Caputo F (2013) managerial choices between systems, knowledge and viability. In: Barile S (ed) Contributions to theoretical and practical advances in management. A viable systems approach (v S a), vol II. ARACNE Editrice S.r.l., Roma, pp 219–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Saviano M, Di Nauta P (2011) Project management as a compass in complex decision making contexts. A viable systems approach. In: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on product focused software development and process improvement—PROFES 2011, Torre Canne (BR), Italy, 20–22 June 2011, Published by ACM

    Google Scholar 

  • Saviano M, Iorio G (2010) How far from participatory governance. A survey on e-democracy in Italian municipalities. PRAGYAAJ Manag—Fac of Manag Stud, Mody Inst Technol Sci I(II):1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Saviano M, Magliocca P (2003) Programmazione negoziata e governo del territorio. Modelli, tecniche e strumenti. Esperienze d’Impresa 9(S2):163–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamma M (2010) Prodotti culturali e territori: l’immateriale che ‘vive’ nella materialità. Sinergie 82:27–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Toffler A (1987) La terza ondata. Sperling & Kupfer, Milano (The third wave, 1st edn. Bantam Books, 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfson A, Tavor D, Mark S, Schermann M, Krcmar H (2010) Sustainability and services science: novel perspective and challenge. Ser Sci 2(4):216–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sapienza, University of Rome, Via Del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Sergio Barile

Authors
  1. Sergio Barile
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sergio Barile .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Gaetano M. Golinelli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Barile, S. (2015). Towards a Novel Conception of Bene Culturale . In: Golinelli, G. (eds) Cultural Heritage and Value Creation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08527-2_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation