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Incremental Value of 3-D Transesophageal Echocardiographic Imaging of the Mitral Valve

  • Valvular Heart Disease (V Nkomo, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Transesophageal echocardiography provides excellent visualization of the posteriorly located mitral valve. Over the last decade, 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) has emerged as an exciting imaging modality, particularly of the mitral valve. The current generation matrix array technology allows the operator to perform 2D and 3D imaging with a single transducer. 3D TEE affords the unique ability to view the mitral valve and its surrounding structures “en face” in real time (RT), and provide contextual anatomical guidance during surgical and transcatheter interventions. Additionally, offline quantification has made significant contributions to our mechanistic understanding of the normal and diseased mitral valve, and alterations induced by therapeutic intervention such as surgical repair. This review will address recent advances in the incremental role of 3D TEE in mitral valve imaging.

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Abbreviations

2D:

2-dimensional

3D:

3-dimensional

DMVD:

Degenerative mitral valve disease

Echo:

Echocardiography

FMR:

Functional mitral regurgitation

IMR:

Ischemic mitral regurgitation

MR:

Mitral regurgitation

MS:

Mitral stenosis

MV:

Mitral valve

MVP:

Mitral valve prolapse

MAIVF:

Mitral-aortic inter valvular fibrosa

PVR:

Paravalvular regurgitation

TEE:

Transesophageal echocardiography

RT3D TEE:

Real time 3-dimensional transesophageal

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Sonia Jain declares that she has no conflict of interest. Joseph F. Malouf declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Gonda 6-411, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Sonia Jain & Joseph F. Malouf

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  1. Sonia Jain
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Correspondence to Joseph F. Malouf.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Valvular Heart Disease

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Live 3D Zoom three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography ‘surgeons view’ from the left atrial perspective of the mitral valve, demonstrating a P2 prolapse with a ruptured chord. © Mayo Foundation (MPG 683 kb)

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Jain, S., Malouf, J.F. Incremental Value of 3-D Transesophageal Echocardiographic Imaging of the Mitral Valve. Curr Cardiol Rep 16, 439 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-013-0439-2

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