Skip to main content

Gewalt gegen ethnische und religiöse Minderheiten

  • Chapter
Internationales Handbuch der Gewaltforschung

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit Gewalttätigkeiten, bei denen die Opfer aufgrund ihrer ethnischen, rassischen, religiösen, kulturellen oder nationalen Zugehörigkeit als Zielscheiben gewählt werden. Diese Opfer werden nicht als Individuen angegriffen, sondern als Vertreter dieser Minderheitsgruppen. Unter den Forschern besteht weitgehende Übereinstimmung darin, dass dies der definitorische Kern des Phänomens ist, aber keine Einigkeit darüber, wie es einzugrenzen oder zu etikettieren ist. Diese Form der Gewalt wird als rassistische Gewalt, fremdenfeindliche Gewalt, hate crime, also hassmotiviertes Verbrechen, oder rechtsextremistische Gewalt bezeichnet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Aho, James A. (1990): The Politics of Righteousness: Idaho Christian Patriotism. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aho, James A. (1994): This Thing of Darkness: A Sociology of the Enemy. Seattle/London: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, Martin (1981): The New Racism. London: Junction Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkun, Michael (1994): Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. Chapel Hill/London: The University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Zygmunt (1989): Modernity and the Holocaust. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bethnal Green and Stepney Trades Council (1978): Blood on the Streets: A Report on Racial Attacks in East London. London: The Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjørgo, Tore (1993): Militant Neo-Nazism in Sweden. In:Terrorism and Political Violence, 5, 3, 28–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjørgo, Tore (Ed.) (1995 a): Terror from the Extreme Right. London: Frank Cass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjørgo, Tore (1995 b): Extreme Nationalism and Violent Discourses in Scandinavia: The Resistance’, Traitors’, and ‘Foreign Invaders’. In: Bjørgo, Tore (Ed.): Terror from the Extreme Right. London: Frank Cass, 182–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjørgo, Tore (1997): Racist and Right-Wing Violence in Scandinavia: Patterns, Perpetrators, and Responses. Oslo: Tano Aschehoug.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjørgo, Tore/Carlsson, Yngve (1999): Vold, rasisme og ungdomsgjenger: Forebygging og bekjempelse. Oslo: Tano Aschehoug.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowling, Benjamin (1998): Violent Racism: Victimization, Policing and Social Context. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruchfeld, Stéphane (1996): Förnekandet avförintelsen: Nynazistiske historieförfalskning efter Auschwitz. Stockholm: Svenska komittén mot antisemitism.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson, Yngve (1995): Aksjonsplan Brumunddal -ga den resultater? Bekjempelse av fremmedfìendtlig vold i lokalsamfunnet. Oslo: NIBR-rapport 1995:13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabanov, Serguei (1998): Skinhead Violence Targeting Roma in Yugoslavia. In: Roma Rights, Spring. [URL: http://errc.org/rr_spr1998/noteb1.shtml]

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, Norman (1967): Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish World Conspiracy and the Protocols of Zion. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbin, J. R. (1977): An Anthropological Perspective on Violence. In : International Journal of Environmental Studies, 10, 107–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawîdowicz, Lucy S. (1987): The War Against the Jews: 1933–1945. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donselaar, Jaap van (1995): De staat paraat: De bestrijding van extrem-rechts in West-Europa. Den Haag: Babylon-De Geus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eidheim, Frøydis (1993): Hva har skjedd i Brumunddal: Lokalsamfunnet i møte med de fremmede og seg selv. Oslo: NIBR rapport, 1993: 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fangen, Katrine (1998): Living out our Ethnic Instincts: Ideological Beliefs Among Right-Wing Activists in Norway. In: Kaplan, Jeffrey/Bjørgo, Tore (Eds.): Nation and Race: The Developing Euro-American Racist Subculture. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 202–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, Graham/Pease, Ken (1993): Once Bitten, Twice Bitten: Repeat Victimisation and Its Implications for Crime Prevention. Crime Prevention Unit Series Paper No. 46. London: Home Office Police Department.

    Google Scholar 

  • FitzGerald, Marian/Hale, Chris (1996): Ethnic Minorities, Victimisation and Racial Harassment. Home Office Research Study No. 154. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, Paul (1983): White Law: Racism in the Police, Courts, and Prisons. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, Paul (1993): The Police and Racist Violence in Britain. In: Bjørgo, Tore/Witte, Rob (Eds.): Racist Violence in Europe. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 167–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haller, István (1998): Lynching Is not a Crime: Mob Violence Against Roma in Post-Ceauescu Romania. In: Roma Rights, Spring. [URL: http://errc.org/rr_spn998/noteb2.shtml]

    Google Scholar 

  • Heitmeyer, Wilhelm (1987): Rechtsextremistische Orientierungen bei Jugendlichen. Weinheim/München: Juventa Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heitmeyer, Wilhelm/Collmann, Birgit/Conrads, Jutta/Matuschek, Ingo/Kraul, Dietmar/Kühnel, Wolfgang/Möller, Renate/Ulbrich-Hermann, Matthias (1995): Gewalt. Schattenseiten der Individualisierung bei Jugendlichen aus unterschiedlichen Milieus. Weinheim/München: Juventa Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heitmeyer, Wilhelm/Müller, Joachim (1995): Fremdenfeindliche Gewalt junger Menschen.. Biographische Hintergründe, soziale Situationskontexte und die Bedeutung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen. Bonn: Forum Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesse, Barnor/Rai, Dhanwant K./Bennett, Christine/McGilchrist, Paul (1992): Beneath the Surface: Racial Harassment. Aldershot: Avebury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilberg, Raul (1985): The Destruction of the European Jews. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Home Office (1981): Racial Attacks: Report of a Home Office Study. London: Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Home Office (1997): Racial Violence and Harassment: A Consultation Document. London: Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Institute of Race Relations (1979): Police Against Black People. Evidence Submitted to the Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure. London: IRR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, James B./Potter, Kimberly (1998): Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jäger, Sigfried/Link, Jürgen (Hrsg.) (1993): Die Vierte Gewalt. Rassismus und die Medien. Duisburg: DISS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Junger, Marianne (1990): Intergroup Bullying and Racial Harassment in the Netherlands. In: Sociology and Social Research, 74, 2, 65–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, Jeffrey (1995): Right Wing Violence in North America.In: Bjørgo, Tore (Ed.): Terror from the Extreme Right. London: Frank Cass, 44–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, Jeffrey (1997): Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, Jeffrey/Bjørgo, Tore (Eds.) (1998): Nation and Race: The Developing Euro-American Racist Subculture. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, Jeffrey/Weinberg, Leonard (1999): The Emergence of a Euro-American Radical Right. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klier, John D./Lambrosa, Shlomo (1992): Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koopmans, Ruud (1996): Explaining the Rise of Racist and Extreme Right Violence in Western Europe: Grievances or Opportunities? In: European Journal of Political Research, 30,185–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kühnel, Wolfgang (1998): Hitler’s Grandchildren? The Reemergence of a Right-Wing Social Movement in Germany. In: Kaplan, Jeffrey/Bjørgo, Tore (Eds.): Nation and Race: The Developing Euro-American Racist Subculture. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 148–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Documentation Française (1998): La lutte ontre le racisme et la xénophobie: Exclusion et Droits de I’homme. Paris: La Documentation Française.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange, Anders/Lööw, Heléne/Bruchfeld, Stéphane/Hedlund, Ebba (1997): Utsatthet för etniskt och politiskt relaterat hot mm, spridning av rasistisk och antirasistisk propaganda samt attityder till demokrati bland skolelever. Stockholm: CEIFO/BRÅ rapport.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, Brian (1999): Hate Crimes: Worse by Definition. In: Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 15, 1, 6–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, Jack/McDevitt, Jack (1993): Hate Crimes: The Rising Tide of Bigotry and Bloodshed. New York and London: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, Cathie (1993): Racist Violence and Anti-Racist Reactions: A View of France. In: Bjørgo, Tore/ Witte, Rob (Eds.): Racist Violence in Europe. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 207–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lööw, Heléne (1993): The Cult of Violence -The Swedish Racist Counter-Culture. In: Bjørgo, Tore/Witte, Rob (Eds.): Racist Violence in Europe. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 62–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lööw, Heléne (1995): Racist Violence and Criminal Behaviour in Sweden: Myths and Realities. In: Terrorism and Political Violence, 7, 1, 119–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lööw, Heléne (1998): Nazismen i Sverige 1980–1997. Den racistiske undergroundrörelsen: musiken, myterna, riterna. Stockholm: Ordfront.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maung, Natalie Aye/Mirrlees-Black, Catriora (1994): Racially Motivated Crime: A British Crime Survey Analysis. London: Home Office Research and Planning Unit, Paper 82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, Robert (1989): Racism. London /New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otto, Hans-Uwe/Merten, Roland (Hrsg.) (1993): Rechtsradikale Gewalt im vereinigten Deutschland: Jugend im gesellschaftlichen Umbruch. Opladen: Leske und Budrich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reemtsma, Katrin (1993): Between Freedom and Persecution: Roma in Romania. In: Bjørgo, Tore/Witte, Rob (Eds.): Racist Violence in Europe. Houndsmills/Basingstoke/ London: Macmillan, 194–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprinzak, Ehud (1995): Right-Wing Terrorism in a Comparative Perspective: The Case of Split Delegitimization. In: Bjørgo, Tore (Ed.): Terror from the Extreme Right. London: Frank Cass, 17–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tegsten, Anders/Knutsson, Johannes (1996): Rutin for analys av brottsdata med främlingsfiendtliga och politiska inslag. Preliminary report, Stockholm: SÄPO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Virdee, Satnam (1995): Racial Violence and Harassment. London: Policy Studies Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willems, Helmut/Eckert, Roland/Würtz, Stefanie/Steinmetz, Linda (1993): Fremdenfeindliche Gewalt: Eine Analyse von Täterstrukturen und Eskalationsprozessen. Opladen: Leske und Budrich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willems, Helmut (1995): Development, Patterns and Causes of Violence Against Foreigners in Germany: Social and Biographical Characteristics of Perpetrators and the Process of Escalation. In: Bjørgo, Tore (Ed.): Terror from the Extreme Right. London: Frank Cass, 162–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witte, Rob (1996): Racist Violence and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Britain, France, and the Netherlands. Essex: Addison, Wesley and Longman.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Wilhelm Heitmeyer Dr. phil. John Hagan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bjørgo, T. (2002). Gewalt gegen ethnische und religiöse Minderheiten. In: Heitmeyer, W., Hagan, J. (eds) Internationales Handbuch der Gewaltforschung. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80376-4_39

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80376-4_39

  • Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-322-80377-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-322-80376-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics