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Innate Immune Signaling in Cardiac Homeostasis and Cardiac Injuries

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Systems and Synthetic Immunology

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, despite the growing advances that have been made in the development of therapeutics. Almost all aspects of the pathogenesis underlying a cardiac injury are critically influenced by the inflammatory response. Over the past two decades, researchers have shown that the myocardium triggers an intense innate immune response that activates various immune effectors including the pattern recognition receptors.

In this chapter, we will give an overview of the innate immune cells involved in the cardiac homeostasis and their responses after cardiac injuries, focusing on the role of innate immune signaling pathways in the progression of various cardiovascular diseases.

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Abbreviations

Apo E:

apolipoprotein E

CARD:

caspase recruitment domains

CD:

cluster of differentiation

CVD:

cardiovascular disease

DAMP:

danger-associated molecular pattern

ECM:

extracellular matrix

HF:

heart failure

HMGB1:

high-mobility group box 1

HSP:

heat shock protein

IFN:

interferon

IKK:

inhibitor of kappa B kinase

IL:

interleukin

IRAK:

IL-1 receptor-associated kinase

LRR:

leucine-rich repeat

MDA5:

melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5

MMP9:

matrix metalloproteinase 9

MyD88:

myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88

NETs:

neutrophil extracellular traps

NF-κB:

nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NLR:

NOD-like receptor

NLRP:

NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3

NOD:

nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain

PAMP:

pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PRR:

pattern recognition receptor

RIG-I:

retinoic acid-inducible gene I

RLR:

RIG-I-like receptor

TAK:

transforming growth factor-β–activated kinase

TLR:

toll-like receptor

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-α

TRAF:

tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor

TRAM:

TRIF-related adaptor molecule

TRIF:

toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain–containing adapter inducing IFN-β

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Drs. M Rahman and MK Zakaria for helpful comments and suggestions.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors have no conflicts to declare.

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Author notes

  1. Asma Naseem and Hashim Ali have equally contributed to this chapter.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular Immunology Lab, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy

    Asma Naseem

  2. Department of Cardiology, King’s College London, London, UK

    Hashim Ali

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  1. Asma Naseem
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  2. Hashim Ali
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Correspondence to Hashim Ali .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Shailza Singh

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Naseem, A., Ali, H. (2020). Innate Immune Signaling in Cardiac Homeostasis and Cardiac Injuries. In: Singh, S. (eds) Systems and Synthetic Immunology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3350-1_7

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