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Autophagy and Lipid Metabolism

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Autophagy: Biology and Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1206))

Abstract

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that delivers intracellular proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Evidences over the past decades have proved that autophagy participates in cell fate decision and also plays a key role in regulating cellular energy and nutrient stores. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the main lipid storage form in living organisms. The process of autophagic degradation of LDs is referred to lipophagy or macrolipophagy. Lipophagy is not only indispensable for the cellular lipid metabolism but also closely associated with several metabolic disorders such as obesity, hepatic steatosis, atherosclerosis, and so on. Here, we summarize recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of lipophagy regulation and the emerging roles of lipophagy in various biological processes and metabolic disorders.

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Abbreviations

3-MA:

3-methyladenine

ATGL:

Adipose triglyceride lipase

CD36:

Cluster of differentiation 36

CGI-58:

Comparative gene identification-58

CHOP:

C/EBP homologous protein

CYP2E1:

Cytochrome P450 2E1

CMA:

Chaperone-mediated autophagy

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

DMP:

3,5-dimethylpyrazole

DNM2:

Dynamin 2

eIF4A:

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A

FXR:

Farsenoid X receptor

FOXO1:

Transcription factor forkhead box O1

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide-1

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HOPS tethering complex:

Homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting complex

HSL:

Hormone-sensitive lipase

Hsp70:

Heat shock cognate protein of 70 kDa

LAMP2A:

Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A

LIPL-1:

Lysosomal acid lipases 1

LPL-1:

Lipoprotein lipase-1

MXL-3:

Basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor Max-like 3

NAFLD:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

NASH:

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

NDP52:

Nuclear dot protein 52 kDa

PDCD4:

Programmed Cell Death Protein 4

PGC-1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 alpha

PI3KCIII:

Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase class III

PL:

Phospholipid

PLINs:

Perilipins

PLIN1:

Perilipin1

PLIN2:

Perilipin2

PLIN3:

Perilipin3

PLIN4:

Perilipin4

PLIN5:

Perilipin5

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

Sidt2:

SID1 transmembrane family, member 2

Sirt1:

Silent information regulator 1

SNARE:

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors

SREBP2:

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2

TBC1D15:

TBC1 domain family member 15

TBC1D17:

TBC1 domain family member 17

TG:

Triglyceride

TFE3:

Transcription factor E3

TFEB:

Transcription factor EB

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Author notes

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China

      Muhammad Babar Khawar, Hui Gao & Wei Li

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

      Muhammad Babar Khawar & Wei Li

    Authors
    1. Muhammad Babar Khawar
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    2. Hui Gao
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    3. Wei Li
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    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Wei Li .

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    Editors and Affiliations

    1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

      Zheng-Hong Qin

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    Khawar, M.B., Gao, H., Li, W. (2019). Autophagy and Lipid Metabolism. In: Qin, ZH. (eds) Autophagy: Biology and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1206. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_17

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