Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Epilepsy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Human Pathobiochemistry

  • 1035 Accesses

Abstract

Epilepsy is defined as a disorder of the braincharacterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain that is expressed by epileptic discharges in electroencephalogram (EEG). The definition of epilepsy requires any of the following conditions: 1) at least two unprovoked seizures; 2) one unprovoked seizure and likely subsequent recurrence of similar seizures; 3) diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome, which is defined based on combinations of clinical and EEG characteristics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bautista JF, Anderson A (2015) Genetics of the epilepsies. In: Wyllie E, Gidal BE, Goodkin HP, Loddenkemper T, Sirven JI (eds) Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy, 6th edn. Walters Kluwer, Philadelphia, pp 31–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, Buchhalter J, Cross JH, van Emde Boas W, Engel J, French J, Glauser TA, Mathern GW, Moshé SL, Nordli D, Plouin P, Scheffer IE (2010) Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE commission on classification and terminology, 2005–2009. Epilepsia 51(4):676–685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blümcke I, Thom M, Aronica E, Armstrong DD, Vinters HV, Palmini A, Jacques TS, Avanzini G, Barkovich AJ, Battaglia G, Becker A, Cepeda C, Cendes F, Colombo N, Crino P, Cross JH, Delalande O, Dubeau F, Duncan J, Guerrini R, Kahane P, Mathern G, Najm I, Ozkara C, Raybaud C, Represa A, Roper SN, Salamon N, Schulze-Bonhage A, Tassi L, Vezzani A, Spreafico R (2011) The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by an ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission. Epilepsia 52:158–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blume WT, Lüders HO, Mizrahi E, Tassinari C, van Emde Boas W, Engel J Jr (2001) Glossary of descriptive terminology for ictal semiology: report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminology. Epilepsia 42(9):1212–1218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cendes F, Kahane P, Brodie M, Andermann F (2012) The mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy syndrome. In: Bureau M, Genton P, Dravet C, Delgado-Escueta A, Tassinari CA, Thomas P, Wolf P (eds) Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence, 5th edn. John Libbey Eurotext, Montrouge, pp 383–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauvette S, Soltani S, Seigneur J, Timofeev I (2016) In vivo models of cortical acquired epilepsy. J Neurosci Methods 260:185–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy (1981) Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Epilepsia 22(4):489–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cross JH, Jayakar P, Nordli D, Delalande O, Duchowny M, Wieser HG, Guerrini R, Mathern GW (2006) Proposed criteria for referral and evaluation of children for epilepsy surgery: recommendations of the Subcommission for Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery. Epilepsia 47:952–959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, Rossi JE, Peng X, Lai M, Dessain SK, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R, Lynch DR (2008) Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol 7(12):1091–1098

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher RS, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J Jr (2005) Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia 46(4):470–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, Bogacz A, Cross JH, Elger CE, Engel J Jr, Forsgren L, French JA, Glynn M, Hesdorffer DC, Lee BI, Mathern GW, Moshé SL, Perucca E, Scheffer IE, Tomson T, Watanabe M, Wiebe S (2014) A practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia 55(4):475–482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher RS, Helen Cross J, French JA, Higurashi N, Hirsch E, Jansen FE, Lagae L, Moshé SL, Peltola J, Perez ER, Scheffer IE, Zuberi SM (2017) Operational classification of seizure types by the international league against epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE commission for classification and terminology. Epilepsia 58(4):522–530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guerrini R, Parrini E (2012) Epilepsy and malformations of the cerebral cortex. In: Bureau M, Genton P, Dravet C, Delgado-Escueta A, Tassinari CA, Thomas P, Wolf P (eds) Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence, 5th edn. John Libbey Eurotext, Montrouge, pp 607–629

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwan P, Arzimanoglou A, Berg AT, Brodie MJ, Allen Hauser W, Mathern G, Moshé SL, Perucca E, Wiebe S, French J (2010) Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc task force of the ILAE commission on therapeutic strategies. Epilepsia 51(6):1069–1077

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim JS, Kim WI, Kang HC, Kim SH, Park AH, Park EK, Cho YW, Kim S, Kim HM, Kim JA, Kim J, Rhee H, Kang SG, Kim HD, Kim D, Kim DS, Lee JH (2015) Brain somatic mutations in MTOR cause focal cortical dysplasia type II leading to intractable epilepsy. Nat Med 21(4):395–400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perucca E, Gram L, Avanzini G, Dulac O (1998) Antiepileptic drugs as a cause of worsening seizures. Epilepsia 39:5–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogawski MA, Cavazos JE (2015) Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs. In: Wyllie E, Gidal BE, Goodkin HP, Loddenkemper T, Sirven JI (eds) Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy, 6th edn. Walters Kluwer, Philadelphia, pp 522–529

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, Hirsch E, Jain S, Mathern GW, Moshé SL, Nordli DR, Perucca E, Tomson T, Wiebe S, Zhang Y-H, Zuberi SM (2017) ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE commission for classification and terminology. Epilepsia 58(4):512–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zara F, Bianchi A (2009) The impact of genetics on the classification of epilepsy syndromes. Epilepsia 50(Suppl 5):11–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng T, Clarke AL, Morris MJ, Reid CA, Petrou S, O’Brien TJ (2009) Oxcarbazepine, not its active metabolite, potentiates GABAA activation and aggravates absence seizures. Epilepsia 50:83–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

    Katsuhiro Kobayashi & Tomoyuki Akiyama

  2. Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Cristina Go

Authors
  1. Katsuhiro Kobayashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tomoyuki Akiyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cristina Go
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katsuhiro Kobayashi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

    Toshitaka Oohashi

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

    Hirokazu Tsukahara

  3. Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Francesco Ramirez

  4. Department of Biology College of Arts and Sciences, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA

    Chad L. Barber

  5. Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

    Fumio Otsuka

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kobayashi, K., Akiyama, T., Go, C. (2019). Epilepsy. In: Oohashi, T., Tsukahara, H., Ramirez, F., Barber, C., Otsuka, F. (eds) Human Pathobiochemistry. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2977-7_26

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation