Abstract
In the Middle Ages, the Alchemists failed completely in their attempts to transmute lead or other base metals into gold1. Today, we can not only transmute one element to another but create new elements unknown to Nature. We can achieve this transmutation not only in our experiments but also in our theories. We have thus created New Alchemies!
“Transmutation late ME The (supposed or alleged) conversion of one element or substance into another, esp. of a baser metal into gold or silver.”
Oxford English Dictionary
Clarendon Press, Oxford
“In 1919, during his last year at Manchester, he discovered that the nuclei of certain light elements, such as nitrogen, could be ‘disintegrated’ by the impact of energetic alpha particles coming from some radioactive source, and that during this process fast protons were emitted. Blackett later proved, with the cloud chamber, that the nitrogen in this process was actually transformed into an oxygen isotope, so that Rutherford was the first to deliberately transmute one element into another.”
Nobel Lectures: Chemistry 1901–1921,
Elsevier Publishing Company,
Amsterdam (1970)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Read J., (1961) From Alchemy to Chemistry, Bell, London; (1995) Dover, New York.
Read J., (1961) From Alchemy to Chemistry, Bell, London; (1995) Dover, New York.
Wilson S., Bernath P.F., and McWeeny, R. (editors), (2003) Handbook of Molecular Physics and Quantum Chemistry, Wiley, Chichester.
Frisch Æleen and Frisch M.J., (1999), Gaussian 98 User’s Reference, 2nd edition, Gaussian Inc., Carnegie Office Park, Pittsburgh, PA 15106, U.S.A.
McLean A.D., (1971) in Proceedings of the Conference on Potential Energy Surfaces in Chemistry, August 10–13, 1970, University of California, Santa Cruz, edited by W.A. Lester Jr., p. 87, IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, California, U.S.A.
Eliav E., Kaldor U., and Ishikawa Y., (1994) Phys. Rev. A 50, 1121.
Coursey J.S. and Dragoset R.A., (2001) Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (version 2.2.1), [Online]. Available: http://physics.nist.gov/Comp [2002, February 7]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
Hahn O. and Strassmann F., (1939) Naturwissenschaften 27, 11.
Meitner L. and Frisch O., (1939) Nature 143, 239.
Frisch O.R., (1939) Nature 143, 276.
Bohr N., (1939) Nature 143, 330.
Bethe H.A. and Bacher F., (1936) Rev. Mod. Phys. 8, 82.
von Weizsäcker C.F., (1936) Z. Phys. 96, 431.
Mehra J. and Rechenberg H., (1982) The historical development of quantum theory. Volume 1 The quantum theory of Planck, Einstein, Bohr and Sommerfeld, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Mehra J. and Rechenberg H., (1982) The historical development of quantum theory. Volume 2 the discovery of quantum mechanics 1925 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Mehra J. and Rechenberg H., (1982) The historical development of quantum theory. Volume 3: The formulation of matrix mechanics and its modifications 1925–1926 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Mehra J. and Rechenberg H., (1982) The historical development of quantum theory. Volume 4. Part 1: The fundamental equations of quantum mechanics 1925–1926. Part 2: The reception of the new quantum mechanics 1925–1926 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Mehra J. and Rechenberg H., (1982) The historical development of quantum theory. Volume 5: Erwin Schrodinger and the rise of wave mechanics. Part 1: Schrodinger in Vienna and Zurich 1887–1925 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Mehra J. and Rechenberg H., (2000) The historical development of quantum theory. Volume 6: Part 1: The completion of quantum mechanics 1926–1941. Part 2: The conceptual completion and the extensions of quantum mechanics 1942–1999 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Einstein A., Lorentz H.A., Weyl H., and Minkowski H., (1952) The principles of relativity, Dover, New York.
Dirac P.A.M., (1958) The principles of quantum mechanics, 4th edition, p. 273, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Dirac P.A.M., (1958) The principles of quantum mechanics, 4th edition, pp. 274–5, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Schwinger J., (1958) Selected Papers in Quantum Electrodynamics, Dover, New York.
Weinberg S., (1995) The quantum theory of fields: foundations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Weinberg S., (1996) The quantum theory of fields: modern applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Weinberg S., (2000) The quantum theory of fields: supersymmetry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wilson, S., Kaldor, U. (2003). Theoretical Chemistry and Physics of Heavy and Superheavy Elements — An Introduction. In: Kaldor, U., Wilson, S. (eds) Theoretical Chemistry and Physics of Heavy and Superheavy Elements. Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0105-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0105-1_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6313-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0105-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive