Abstract
Different types of regulatory genes are involved in cardiac muscle development and cardiac gene regulation, including ubiquitous factors, such as SRF, SP1 and TEF-1, and genes coding for specific transcription factors: MADS-box transcription factor genes, such as the MEF2 genes which are also involved in the specification of skeletal and smooth muscle, homeobox genes, such as Nkx2.5, zinc-finger genes of the GATA family, such as GATA 4–6, and bHLH genes, such as dHAND and eHAND [1,2]. Gene regulation seems to require combinatorial interactions between cardiac-specific and ubiquitous factors: for example a physical interaction between Nkx2.5 and SRF is involved in the activation of the cardiac a-actin gene [3]. The study of cardiac gene regulation is complicated by the specific pattern of transcription of each gene, both with respect to temporal specificity during development and spatial specificity in the various heart chambers, presumably reflecting a modular regulation via multiple cis-acting elements [4]. Multiple approaches, including promoter analyses in cultured cells, in adult heart and in transgenic mice, are required to dissect the activity in time and space of cardiac regulatory genes and their combinatorial interactions.
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Schiaffino, S., Ausoni, S., Millino, C., Calabria, E., Sandri, C., Lisi, R.D. (1999). A Cardiac-Specific Troponin I Promoter. Distinctive Patterns of Regulation in Cultured Fetal Cardiomyocytes, Adult Heart and Transgenic Mice. In: Doevendans, P.A., Reneman, R.S., van Bilsen, M. (eds) Cardiovascular Specific Gene Expression. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 214. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9321-2_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9321-2_3
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