Skip to main content

Analogical Transfer: Processes and Individual Differences

  • Chapter
Analogical Reasoning

Part of the book series: Synthese Library ((SYLI,volume 197))

Abstract

How would you attempt to solve a math, logic, or puzzle problem? If the problem were to find the area of a circle, you might retrieve a memorized formula and plug in the appropriate numbers. For many problems, however, you will not have a pre-stored solution procedure in memory, and you will have to use the information presented, along with your knowledge of mathematical facts and general problem solving heuristics, to construct a new solution procedure. Alternatively, you could try to think of an analogous problem solved in the past. If your search for such a problem is successful, you may be able to adapt the old solution procedure for use with the new problem. This is an example of analogical transfer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adelson, B. (1981), ‘Problem solving and the development of abstract categories in programming languages’, Memory and Cognitio. ,422–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adelson, B. (1984), ‘When novices surpass experts: The difficulty of a task may increase with expertise’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognitio. 1., 483–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahlström, K-G. (1961), Transfer and Communality: An Experimental Study of Learnin., Stockholm: Almquist &ampl; Wiksell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., Bransford, J. D., Ferrara, R. A., and Campione, J. C. (1983), ‘Learning, remembering, and understanding’, in P. H. Mussen (ed.), Handbook of Child Psycholog. (Fourth Edition): Vol. Ill Cognitive Development, NY: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 77–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., Kane, M. J., and Echols, C. H. (1986), ‘Young children’s mental models determine analogical transfer across problems with a common goal structure’, Cognitive Developmen. , 103–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carbonell, J. G. (1983), ‘Learning by analogy: Formulating and generalizing plans from past experience’, in R. S. Michalski, J. G. Carbonell, and T. M. Mitchell (eds.), Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approac., Palo Alto, CA: Tioga Publishing Co, pp. 137–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chi, M. T. H., Feltovich, P. J., and Glaser, R. (1981), ‘Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices’, Cognitive Scienc. ,121–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, A. M. and Loftus, E. F. (1975), ‘A spreading activation theory of semantic processing’, Psychological Revie. 8.,407–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Detterman, D. K. and Sternberg, R. J. (eds.), (1982), How and How Much Can Intelligence Be Increase., Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncker, K. (1945), ‘On problem-solving’, Psychological Monograph. 5. (Whole No. 270).

    Google Scholar 

  • Falkenhainer, B., Forbus, K. D., and Gentner, D. (1986), ‘The structure-mapping engine’, Proceedings of AAAI-8. (Vol. ), 272–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagné, R. M. (1970), The Conditions of Learnin. (2nd. edition), NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D. (1983), ‘Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework’, Cognitive Scienc. , 155–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D. and Landers, R. (1985), ‘Analogical reminding: A good match is hard to find’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetic..

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D. and Toupin, C. (1986), ‘Systematicity and surface similarity in the development of analogy’, Cognitive Scienc. 1.,277–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gick, M. L. and Holyoak, K. J. (1980), ‘Analogical problem solving’, Cognitive Psycholog. 1., 306–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gick, M. L. and Holyoak, K. J. (1983), ‘Schema induction and analogical transfer’, Cognitive Psycholog. 1.,1 – 38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. F. (1966), The Psychology of Learnin., Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, J. R. and Simon, H. A. (1977), ‘Psychological differences among problem isomorphs’, in N. J. Castellan, D. B. Pisoni, and G. R. Potts (eds.), Cognitive Theor., Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 21–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrnstein, R. J., Nickerson, R. S., de Sanchez, M., and Swets, J. A. (1986), ‘Teaching thinking skills’, American Psychologis. 4.,1279–1289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. H., Holyoak, K. J., Nisbett, R. E., and Thagard, P. R. (1986), Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discover., Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holyoak, K. J. (1984), ‘Analogical thinking and human intelligence’, in R. J. Sternberg (ed.), Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligenc., Vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 199–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holyoak, K. J. (1985), ‘The pragmatics of analogical transfer’, in G. H. Bower (ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivatio., Vol. 19, NY: Academic Press, pp. 59–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holyoak, K. J., Junn, E. N., and Billman, D. O. (1984), ‘Development of analogical problem-solving skill’, Child Developmen. 5.,2042–2055.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holyoak, K. J. and Koh, K. (1987), ‘Surface and structural similarity in analogical transfer’, Memory and Cognitio. 1., 332–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kay, D. S. and Black, J. B. (1985), ‘The evolution of knowledge representations with increasing expertise in using systems’, Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Societ., pp. 140–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luchins, A. (1942), ‘Mechanization in problem solving’, Psychological Monograph. 5. (No. 248).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luchins, A. and Luchins, E. (1950), ‘New experimental attempts at preventing mechanization in problem solving’, Journal of Genetic Psycholog. 4., 279–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luger, G. F. and Bauer, M. A. (1978), ‘Transfer effects in isomorphic problem situations’, A eta Psychologic. 4.,121–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, N. (1930), ‘Reasoning in humans. I. On direction’, Journal of Comparative Psycholog. 1.,15–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, N. (1931), ‘Reasoning in humans. II. The solution of a problem and its appearance in consciousness’, Journal of Comparative Psycholog. 1.,181–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novick, L. R. (1986), Analogical Transfer in Expert and Novice Problem Solver., Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novick, L. R. (in press), ‘Analogical transfer, problem similarity, and expertise’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognitio..

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, C. E. (1949), ‘The similarity paradox in human learning: A resolution’, Psychological Revie. 5., 132–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perfetto, G. A., Bransford, J. D., and Franks, J. J. (1983), ‘Constraints on access in a problem solving context’, Memory and Cognitio. 1., 24–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pólya, G. (1945), How To Solve It, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, B. H. (1984), ‘Remindings and their effects in learning a cognitive skill’, Cognitive Psycholog. 1., 371–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, B. H. (1987), ‘This is like that: The use of earlier problems and the separation of similarity effects’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognitio. 1., 629–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, B. H. and Sofka, M. D. (1986), Remindings: Noticing, Remembering and Using Specific Knowledge of Earlier Problems, Unpublished manuscrip., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schank, R. C. (1982), Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and Peopl., NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiano, D., Cooper, L. A., and Glaser, R. (1984), Aptitude-Related Differences in Strategies for the Representation and Solution of Standardized Figurai Analogy Problem., Unpublished manuscript, NIE Milestone Report, Learning, Research, and Development Center, Pittsburgh, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenfeld, A. H. and Herrmann, D. J. (1982), ‘Problem perception and knowledge structure in expert and novice mathematical problem solvers’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognitio. , 484–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, E. A. (1979), ‘Student perceptions of relatedness among mathematical verbal problems’, Journal for Research in Mathematics Educatio. 1.,195–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, E. A. (1981), ‘Recall of mathematical problem information: Solving related problems’, Journal for Research in Mathematics Educatio. 1., 54–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweller, J. (1980), ‘Transfer effects in a problem solving context’, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psycholog. 3., 233–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweller, J. and Gee, W. (1978), ‘Einstellung, the sequence effect, and hypothesis theory’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memor. , 513–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, E. L. (1903), Educational Psycholog., NY: Lemcke and Buechner.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Volbrecht, V. J. and Schwartz, M. (1979), ‘Transfer effects in a deductive reasoning problem’, Bulletin of the Psychonomie Societ. 1., 347–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisberg, R., DiCamillo, M., and Phillips, D. (1978), ‘Transferring old associations to new situations: A nonautomatic process’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavio. 1., 219–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wesman, A. G. (1945), A Study of Transfer of Training from High School Subjects to Intelligenc., NY: Bureau of Publications, Teacher’s College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickelgren, W. A. (1974), How to Solve Problem., San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winston, P. H. (1980), ‘Learning and reasoning by analogy’, Communications of the AC. 2.,689–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Novick, L.R. (1988). Analogical Transfer: Processes and Individual Differences. In: Helman, D.H. (eds) Analogical Reasoning. Synthese Library, vol 197. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7811-0_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7811-0_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8450-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-7811-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics