Abstract
Unlike Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus was first recognized as a saprophytic microorganism, the spores of which currently contaminate soil and aquatic environments. Since the first reports of strains moderately toxic to mosquito larvae (strain K of Kellen and Meyers 1964; strain SSII-1 [= 1321] of Singer 1973), researchers have isolated a series of very potent B. sphaericus strains, beginning in 1977 with strain 1593 (Singer 1977). Strain 1593 was followed by strain 2297 ( = MR-4) (Wickremesinghe and Mendis 1980), strain 2362 (= 290-8) (Weiser 1984), and strain Iab 59 (de Barjac et al. 1988). In addition to the numerous atoxic strains, in 1989 more than 150 mosquito pathogenic isolates with various toxicity levels have become available. This has created problems in their identification and differentiation—first from the atoxic B. sphaericus, and second from each other within the toxic group.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barjac, H. de, and Bonnefoi, A. 1972. Essai de classification biochimique de 64 Bacillus des groups II et III représentant 11 espèces différentes. Ann. Microbiol. (Inst. Pasteur) 122: 463–473.
Barjac, H. de; Larget-Thiery, I.; Cosmao Dumanoir, V. C.; and Ripouteau, H. 1985. Serological classification of Bacillus sphaericus strains in relation with toxicity to mosquito larvae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21: 85–90.
Barjac, H. de; Thiery, I.; Cosmao Dumanoir, V.; Frachon, E.; Laurent, P.; Charles, J.-F.; Hamon, S.; and Ofori, J. 1988. Another B sphaericus serotype harboring strains very toxic to mosquito larvae: Serotype H6. (Inst. Pasteur) Ann. Microbiol. 139. 363–377.
Barjac, H. de; Véron, M,; and Cosmao Dumanoir, V. C. Caractérisation biochimique et sérologique de souches de Bacillus sphaericus pathogènes ou non pour les moustiques. Ann. Microbiol. (Inst. Pasteur) 131B: 191–201.
Claus, D., and Berkeley, R.C.W. 1986. Genus Bacillus. In Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 2, ed. P.H.A. Sneath, N. S. Mair, M. E. Sharpe, and J.G. Holt. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
Dulmage, H. T., and Cooperators. 1981. Insecticidal activity of isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis and their potential for pest control. In Microbial control of pest and plant diseases, 1970–1980, ed. H.D. Burges, 191–220. London: Academic Press.
Kalfon, A.; Larget-Thiery, I.; Charles, J.-F.; and Barjac, H. de. 1983. Growth, sporulation, and larvicidal activity of Bacillus sphaericus. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18: 168–173.
Kellen, W.R., and Meyers, C.M. 1964. Bacillus sphaericus Neide as a pathogen of mosquitoes. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc. 32: 37.
Krych, V. K.; Johnson, J.L.; and Yousten, A. A. 1980. Deoxyribonucleic acid homologies among strains of Bacillus sphaericus. International Systematic Bacteriol 30: 476–484.
Lysenko, O.; Davidson, E. W.; Lacey, L. A.; and Yousten, A. A. 1985. Five new mosquito larvicidal strains of Bacillus sphaericus from non-mosquito origins. J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc 1: 369–371.
Ren Gaixin; Chen Wan; Chen Jinru; Liu Binzhang; and Xing Jiaqi. 1986. Biochemical and serological characterisation of Bacillus sphaericus strains and their toxicity to mosquito larvae. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nan Kaiensis 2: 89–96.
Russell, B.L.; Jelley, S. A.; and Yousten, A. A. 1989. Carbohydrate metabolism in the mosquito pathogen Bacillus sphaericus 2362. Appl Environ Microbiol. 55: 294–297.
Singer, S. 1973. Insecticidal activity of recent bacterial isolates and their toxins against mosquito larvae. Nature 244: 110–111.
——— 1977. Isolation and development of bacterial pathogens of vectors. In Biological regulation of vectors, 3–18. DHEW Publication no. (NIH) 77-1180.
Thiery, I., and Barjac, H. de. 1989. Selection of the most potent B. sphaericus strains, based on susceptibility ratios determined on three mosquito species. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 31: 577–581.
Weiser, J. 1984. A mosquito-virulent Bacillus sphaericus in adult Simulium damnosum from Northern Nigeria. Zbl Mikrobiol. 139: 57–60.
Wickremesinghe, R.S.B., and Mendis, C. L. 1980. Bacillus sphaericus spore from Sri Lanka demonstrating rapid larvicidal activity on Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosq. News 40: 387–389.
Yousten, A. A. 1984a. Bacillus sphaericus: Microbiological factors related to its potential as a mosquito larvicide. Adv. Biotechnol. Processes 3: 315–343.
——— 1984b. Bacteriophage typing of mosquito pathogenic strains of Bacillus sphaericus. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 43. 124–125.
Yousten, A. A.; Barjac, H. de; Hedrick, J.; Cosmao-Dumanoir, V.; and Myers, P. 1980. Comparison between bacteriophage typing and serotyping for the differentiation of Bacillus sphaericus strains. Anw. Microbiol. (Inst. Pasteur) 131B: 297–308.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Rutgers University Press
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Barjac, H. (1990). Classification of Bacillus sphaericus Strains and Comparative Toxicity to Mosquito Larvae. In: de Barjac, H., Sutherland, D.J. (eds) Bacterial Control of Mosquitoes & Black Flies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5967-8_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5967-8_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-011-5969-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5967-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive