Abstract
The stratified free surface Princeton Model is used to analyse dynamics in the Danish Straits, which connect the Baltic with the North Sea. Two basic experiments were done. The first one is the density-driven and the second one is the forced Baltic experiments. Buoyancy-driven circulation produces bi-directional flow in the Danish Straits with the fresh layer moving north above the southward flowing deeper layer. This circulation alone can not supply the transport required for a renewal of the deep Baltic bottom water. The thermohaline circulation loses its two-layer character with barotropic forcing. Unidirectional flow permits larger transport of volume and salt than bidirectional flow in the straits. The straits are geostrophically controlled. On the other hand the combination of Belt and Sound flows supply more transport through the Belt and the Sound for the inflow and the outflow case respectively. The model results are suited for comparison with laboratory and field studies. Particularly the dense rotating water in the Arkona basins can be explained with the processes over a sill. The inflowing water forms a dome-like feature in the basin after passing the sill.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aitsam, A. and J. Elken, (1982) Synoptic scale variability of hydrophysical fields in the Baltic proper on the basis of CTD measurements, Hydrodynamics of semi-en closed seas, J.C.C. Nihoul, Editor, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 433–468.
Bock, K.H., (1971) Monatskarten des Salzgehaltes der Ostsee, Ergänzungsheft zur Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitschrift, Reihe B, Nr.12.
Farmer, D.M. and J.S. Møller, (1990) Measurements and modeling in the Great Belt: A unique opportunity for model varification, In: The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits, edited by L.J. Pratt, 125–152, Kluwer, Boston.
Fennel, W., T. Seifert and B. Kaiser, (1991) Rossby radii and phase speeds in the Baltic Sea, Continental Shelf Res., 11, 23–36.
Gill, A.E., (1977) The hydraulics of rotating-channel flow, J. Fluid Mech., 80, 641–671.
Helfrich, K.R. and W.K. Melville, (1990) Review of dispersive and resonant effects in internal wave propagation, In: The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits, edited by L.J. Pratt, 391–420, Kluwer, Boston.
Kielmann, J., W. Krauß and K.H. Keunecke, (1973) Currents and stratification in the Belt Sea and the Arkona Basin during 1962–1968, Kieler Meeresf., XXIX, 90–111.
Killworth, P.D., (1989) Transmission of a two-layer coastal Kelvin wave over a ridge, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1131–1148.
Killworth, P.D., (1992) The time-dependent collapse of a rotating fluid cylinder, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 390–397.
Lass, H.U. and R. Schwabe, (1990) An analysis of the salt water inflow into the Baltic in 1975 to 1976, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 43, 97–125.
Lenz, W., (1971) Monatskarten der Temperatur der Ostsee, Ergänzungsheft zur Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitschrift, Reihe B, Nr.11.
Magaard, L. and W. Krauß, (1966) Spektren der Wasserstandsschwankungen der Ostsee im Jahre 1958, Kieler Meeresf., XXII, 155–162.
Mällki, P. and R. Tamsalu, (1985) Physical features of the Baltic Sea, Finn. Mar. Res., No. 252, 110 pp.
Nof, D., (1986) Geostrophic shock waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 886–901.
Pratt, L. J., (1984) A time-dependent aspect of hydraulic control in straits, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 1414–1418.
Sayin, E., (1996) Modelling of strait dynamics: The two-basin experiments (prepared).
Sayin, E. and W. Krauß, (1996) A numerical study of the water exchange through the Danish Straits, Tellus, 48A, 324–341.
Stern, M.E., (1980) Geostrophic fronts, bores, breaking and blocking waves, J. Fluid Mech., 99, 687–703.
Stigebrandt, A., (1980) Barotropic and baroclinic response of a semi-enclosed basin to barotropic forcing from the sea, In: Fjord Oceanography, edited by H.J. Freeland, D.M. Farmer and C.D. Levings, 141–163, Plenum, 715 pp.
Stigebrandt, A., (1987a) Computations of the flow of dense water into the Baltic Sea from hydrographical measurements in the Arkona Basin, Tellus, 39A, 170–177
Stigebrandt, A., (1987b) A model for the vertical circulation of the Baltic deep water. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1772–1785.
Wübber, C. and W. Krauß, (1979) The two-dimensional seiches of the Baltic Sea, Oceanologica Acta, 2, 435–446.
Wyrtki, K., (1954) Die Dynamik der Wasserbewegungen im Fehmarnbelt II, Kieler Meeresf., X, 162–181.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sayin, E. (1997). Modelling of Strait Dynamics: The Baltic Experiments. In: Özsoy, E., Mikaelyan, A. (eds) Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea. NATO ASI Series, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5758-2_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5758-2_31
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6429-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5758-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive