Abstract
The liver is the “Central Laboratory” of warm-blooded animals. It is the most essential glandular organ of the body (Figure 27–01). The animal will die shortly after the removal of the liver[(14)]. In the liver nutrients are versatile and intensively synthesised, reduced, and converted[(10)]. The amount of n utrients stored in the liver, particularly vitamins, is related directly to the dietary level of the nutrients[(9)].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
AAFCO (1995): Official publication 1995. Ass. of American Feed Control Officials (publisher). Sacramento, CA/USA.
Agersborg (1934): Quoted from: Hastings, W.H.; Dickie, L.M. (1972).
Anonymous (1968): Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Nat. Sci. Dev. Bd., Manila/Philippines.
Celada, J.D.; Carral, J.M.; Gaudioso, V.R.; Temiño, C.; Fernandez, R. (1989): Response of juvenile freshwater crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) to several fresh and artificially compounded diets. Aquaculture, 76., 67–78.
Charlon, N.; Bergot, P. (1984): Rearing system for feeding fish larvae on dry diets trial with carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae. Aquaculture,41., 1–9.
Conklin, D.E.; D’Abramo, L.R.; Bordner, C.E.; Baum, N.A. (1980): A successful purified diet for the culture of juvenile lobsters: The effect of lecithin. Aquaculture21., 243–249.
Csengeri, I.; Petitjean, M. (1987): Fresh liver powder: A new starter diet for the larvae of a cyprinid fish. Aquaculture, 65., 189–192.
Evans, M. (1985): Nutrient composition of feedstuffs for pigs and poultry. Queensland Dept. Primary Ind., Brisbane. Australia (Series Q 185001).
Feltwell, R.; Fox, S. (1978): Practical poultry feeding. Faber and Faber, London and Boston.
Friesecke, H. (1984): Handbuch der praktischen Fütterung von Rind, Schaf. Pferd, Schwein, Geflügel and Süsswasserfischen. BLV Verlagsges. München/Germany.
Garces, C.L.; Heinen, J.M. (1993) Evaluation of beef liver, fruits and vegetables as dietary supplements for indoor nursery culture of freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), J. World Aqua. Soc., 24., 58–65.
Hastings, W.H.; Dickie, L.M. (1972): Feed formulation and evaluation. In: Halver, J.E. (ed.). Fish Nutrition. Academic Press. 327–370.
Kibria, G. (1993): Studies on molting, molting frequency and growth of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) fed on natural and compounded diets. Asian Fish. Science,6., 203–211.
Kolb, E. (1989): Lehrbuch der Physiologie der Haustiere (I and II) VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena/Germany.
McCay, C.M.; Dilley, W.E. (1927): Quoted from: Hastings, W.H.; Dickie, L.M. (1972).
McLaren, B.A.; Herman, E.S.; Elvehjem, C.A. (1946): Quoted from: Hastings, W.H.; Dickie,L.M. (1972).
Meyer, H.; Heckörter, E. (1986): Futterwerttabelle für Hunde und Katzen. Schlütersche Verlagsanstalt. Hannover/Germany.
Molina-Vozzo, R.E.; Heinen, J.M.; D’Abramo, L.R. (1995): Supplementation of commercial feeds with beef liver for indoor nursery culture of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii, J. World Aqua. Soc., 26., 103–106.
Nandeesha, M.C. (1993): Aquafeeds and feeding strategies in India. Proc. FAO/AADCP Regional Expert Consultation on Farm-Made Aquafeeds, 14 to 18 December 1992. Bangkok/Thailand. 434 (FAO-RAPAAADCP, Bangkok/Thailand). 213–254.
NRC (1977): Nutrient requirements of warmwater fishes. Nutrient requirement of domestic animals. Nat. Acad. Press., Wash. D.C./USA.
Szlaminska, M.; Escaffre, A.M.; Alami-Durante, H.; Charlon, N.; Bergot, P. (1990): Casein in the place of beef liver in artificial diets for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae. Aquat. Living Resour., 3.,229–234.
Tacon, A.G.J. (1993): Feed ingredients for warmwater fish: Fish meal and other processed feedstuffs. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 856, FAO, ROME/Italy. 64p.
Titcomb et al. (1928): Quoted from: Hastings, W.H.; Dickie, L.M. (1972).
Watt, B.K.; Merrill, A.L. (1963): Composition of Foods. Agri. Handbook No. 8. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington D.C./USA.
Weinreich, O.; Koch, V; Knippel, J. (1994): Füttermittelrechtliche Vorschriften. Buchedition Agrimedia, Hamburg/Germany.
Wählbier, W; Tran Thu, D. (1977): Blutmehl. In: Kling,M.; Wählbier, W. (eds.): Handelsfuttermittel Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart/Germany.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hertrampf, J.W., Piedad-Pascual, F. (2000). Liver From Warm-Blooded Animals. In: Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1527-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4018-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive