Skip to main content

Abstract

Immunity is the power of the organism to resist infections or actions of certain poisons. The immunity can be either inherited, acquired naturally or acquired artificially[(17)]. Strengthening the immunity of cultured aquatic animals is an important task since bacterial and viral diseases are a major threat to aquaculture. While fish have both “non-specific” and “specific” immunity[(12)], shrimps lack a specific immune system and are apparently entirely dependent on non-specific immune mechanism to resist infections[(15)].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ainsworth, A.J.; Mao, C.P.; Boyle, C.R. (1994): Immune response enhancement in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, using (3-glucan from Schizophyllum commune. In: Stolen, J.S.; Fletcher, T.C. (eds.): Modulators of fish immune responses, models for environmental toxicology/biomarkers, immunostimulators, Vol. 1, 67–81. SoS Publications, Fair Haven, NJ/USA

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ballou, C.E. (1982): Yeast cell wall and cell surface. In: Strathern, J.N.; Jones, E.W.; Broach, J.R.: Molecular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces: Metabolism and gene expression, 335–360. Cold Spring Habor Lab., New York/USA.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bhatty, R.S. (1986): Physochemical and functional breadmaking properties of hull-less barley fractions. Cereal Chemistry, 1., 31.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ganlßman, W. (1994): Private communication.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Handreck, B.; Pötschke, L.; Senge, C. (1997): Gewinnung l3-glucanreicher Mahlfraktionen aus Gerste. Die Mühle + Mischfuttertechnik, 134., (13), 396–399.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Henry, R.J. (1987): Pentosan and 1,3; 1,4 3-glucan concentrations in endosperm and wholegrain of wheat, barley, oats and rye. J. Cereal Sci., 6., 253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jeney, G.; Andersen, D.P. (1993): Glucan injection or bath exposure given alone or in combination with bacteria enhance the non-specific defence mechanism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 116., 315–329.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Newman, K. (1995): The immun system: Nature’s defence mechanism - manipulating it through nutrition.Proc. Alltech’s Annu. Seminar, May.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Nikl, L.; Albright, L.J.; Evelyn, T.P.T. (1992): Immunostimulants hold promise in furunculosis prevention. Bull. Aquacult. Ass. Canada, 92., 49–52.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Onarheim, A.M. (1992): Now a yeast extract to fortify fish. Fish Farmer, 15., (4), 45.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Qureshi, A.A. (1992: Immuno-modulation: Poultry International, 31., (4), 56–62.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Raa, J. (1996): The use of immunostimulatory substances in fish and shellfish farming. Rev. Fish. Sci., 4. (3), 1–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Raa, J.; Rprstad, G.; Engstad, R.; Robertsen, B. (1992): The use of immunostimulants to increase resistance of aquatic organisms to microbial infections. In: Shariff, I.M.; Subasinghe, R.P.; Arthus, J.R. (eds.): Diseases in Asian aquaculture. Asian Fish. Soc., 39–50.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Seto, A. (1994): Immunostimulatory effect of yeast 1–1,3-glucan (MacroGard) for marine and fresh water fish in Japan. Proc. 3“ Int. Marine Biotechn. Conf., Tromsf/Norway

    Google Scholar 

  15. Söderhäll, K.; Cerenius, L. (1992): Crustacean immunity. Annu. Rev. Fish Diseases, 2., 2–23.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sung, H.H.; Yang, Y.L.; Song, Y.L. (1996): Enhancement of microbicidal activity in the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon via immunstimulation. J. Crustacean Biology, 16., 278–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. West, G.P. (1992): Black’s veterinary dictionary. A & C Black, London, 17th Edition.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hertrampf, J.W., Piedad-Pascual, F. (2000). Immunostimulatory Substances. In: Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1527-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4018-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics