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Supercritical fluid extraction in environmental analysis

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Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis

Abstract

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a novel sample preparation method which promises to have a profound influence on environmental analytical chemistry, since it affords rapid, selective and convenient sample clean-up (McHugh and Krukonis, 1986; Hawthorne, 1990; Lee and Markides, 1990; Westwood, 1992). The main advantage of a supercritical fluid over an extracting liquid is that its properties, namely density, solvating power, viscosity and solute diffusivity, can all be controlled by varying the applied pressure. This leads to a greater selectivity, rapid mass-transfer and higher flow-rates as compared with liquids. Further, the separation of solvent from solute is simply achieved by decompression, since the solvent is usually gaseous at ambient temperature. SFE also has considerable advantages over liquid extraction in terms of sample size, cost and volume of solvent and analysis time. Extraction can be performed either off-line or on-line; couplings of SFE to gas, liquid and supercritical fluid chromatographs have all been demonstrated.

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Authors
  1. V. Janda
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  2. K. Bartle
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  3. A. A. Clifford
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, UK

    John R. Dean

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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Janda, V., Bartle, K., Clifford, A.A. (1993). Supercritical fluid extraction in environmental analysis. In: Dean, J.R. (eds) Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2146-0_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2146-0_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4951-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2146-0

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