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Affinity partitioning

  • Chapter
Highly Selective Separations in Biotechnology

Abstract

Aqueous two-phase systems have been used since the 1950s for protein purification as well as for fractionation of biological membranes, cell organelles and cells. Purification of proteins by extraction from one aqueous phase to another (also water-rich) phase has found increasing use for large-scale processes due to the ease of scaling up liquid-liquid extraction procedures. The basis for such extractions of proteins is the so-called aqueous two-phase system, consisting of two liquid phases (Albertsson, 1986). Between these phases the proteins can be partitioned without being denatured as a consequence of the high water content (80–95%) of the phases and the low interfacial tension between them, 0.1–100 µN/m. The partitioning of a protein is very sensitive to the presence of electrolytes and addition of various salts can be used to influence the partitioning of proteins and to allow different proteins to be collected in opposite phases. Hydrophobic groups or affinity ligands localized to one phase have also been used to affect the partitioning of proteins (reviews are found in Walter et al 1985, 1991; Walter and Johansson, 1986, 1994). This gives the possibility of selectively extracting one kind of protein into one of the phases while the bulk of proteins remain in the other phase. In the following, we present the basis for aqueous two-phase systems, and various ways of influencing the partitioning of proteins and other biomaterials in order to achieve fractionation and purification. We especially emphasize the use of phase-constricted affinity ligands to achieve selective extractions and how this technique can be utilized for biotechnological applications.

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  1. G. Johansson
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  2. F. Tjerneld
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  1. School of Science & Technology, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK

    G. Street

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Johansson, G., Tjerneld, F. (1994). Affinity partitioning. In: Street, G. (eds) Highly Selective Separations in Biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1322-9_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1322-9_4

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