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New Insights into the Regulation of Nf-кB

Roles for Phosphorylation and Acetylation of NF-кB Subunits

  • Chapter
Nuclear Factor кB

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Abstract

Long considered to be a pivotal transcription factor regulating both the immune and inflammatory responses, NF-кB is now known to regulate such diverse processes as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic cell death. NF-кB belongs to a family of transcription factors, all sharing an N-terminal Rel homology domain. NF-кB is tightly regulated within the cell at multiple levels, both during its activation and mobilization from the cytoplasm and before or during its transcriptional activation in the nucleus. Considering the wide variety of signals activating this transcription factor and the relative transcriptional strength of the RelA subunit, it is not surprising that NF-кB is regulated at multiple levels. The classical pathway leading to NF-кB activation proceeds via a kinase cascade, culminating in phosphorylation and degradation of IкBα, one member of a family of inhibitors controlling NF-кB action (Senftleben & Karin, 2002). NF-кB activation can be viewed as two discrete phases. The first comprises the proximal events leading to degradation of IкBα and rapid translocation of the liberated NF-кB complex into the nucleus. The second phase involves posttranslational modification of the NF-кB subunits themselves by both phosphorylation and acetylation, which are required for full activity of the induced nuclear NF-кB complex. While acetylation appears to occur in the nucleus, certain phosphorylation events in the second phase are likely executed in the cytoplasm before nuclear entry of NF-кB.

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  1. Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, POB 419100, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    A. O’Mahony, L. F. Chen & W. C. Greene

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  1. A. O’Mahony
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  2. L. F. Chen
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  1. Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Unit for Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Ghent University and Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Rudi Beyaert

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O’Mahony, A., Chen, L.F., Greene, W.C. (2003). New Insights into the Regulation of Nf-кB. In: Beyaert, R. (eds) Nuclear Factor кB. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0163-2_7

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