Abstract
A summary of results from energy balance model studies is presented ranging from the simplest zero-dimensional model for mean annual global climate to two-dimensional models including the seasonal cycle. The stability and sensitivity of solutions which have incorporated the effects of ice-albedo feedback is considered, as well as applications to past climates including the Milankovitch problem and the problem of climate change accompanying continental drift.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Angstrom, A., 1928: ‘Energiezufuhr and Temperatur auf verschiedenen Breitgarden, Beitr. Geophyz., 15, 1–13.
Barron, E. J., and W. M. Washington, 1984: ‘The role of geographic variables in explaining paleoclimates: Results from Cretaceous climate model sensitivity studies.’ J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1267–1279.
Budyko, M. I., 1968: ‘On the origin of glacial epochs.’ Meteorol. Gidrol., 2, 3–8.
Budyko, M. I., 1969: ‘The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the earth.’ Tellus, 21, 611–619.
Cahalan, R. F., and G. R. North, 1979: ‘A stability theorem for energy balance climate models.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1205–1216.
Crowley, T. J., 1983: ‘The geologic record of climatic change.’ Rev.Geophys. Space Phys., 21, 828–877.
Crowley, T. J., D. A. Short, J. G. Mengel and G. R. North, 1986: ‘Role of seasonality in the evolution of climate during the last 100 million years.’ Science, 231, 579–584.
Hyde, W., and R. Peltier, 1985: ‘Sensitivity experiments with a model of the ice age cycle: The response to harmonic forcing.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2170–2188.
North, G. R., 1975a: ‘Analytical solution to a simple climate model with diffusive heat transport.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1301–1307.
North, G. R., 1975b: ‘Theory of energy balance climate models.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 2033–2043.
North, G. R., 1985: ‘The small ice cap instability in diffusive climate models.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3390–3395.
North, G. R., and R. F. Cahalan, 1981: ‘Predictability in a solvable stochastic climate model J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 504-510.
Opik, E. J., 1965: ‘Climatic changes in cosmic perspective.’ Icarus, 4, 289–297.
Saltzman, B., 1983: ‘Climatic Systems Analysis.’ In Adv. Geophys., 25, ed. B. Saltzman, 173–233.
Schneider, S. H., and R. E. Dickinson, 1974: ‘Climate modeling.’ Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.,12, 447–493.
Sellers, W. D., 1965: Physical Climatology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 272 pp.
Sellers, W. D., 1969: ‘A climate model based on the energy balance of the earth-atmosphere system.’ J. Appl. Meteorol., 8, 392–400.
Short, D. A., and J. G. Mengel, 1986: ‘Tropical climatic phase lags and the Earth’s precession.’ Nature, 323, 48–50.
Short, D. A., G. R. North, T. D. Bess, G. L. Smith, 1984: ‘Infrared parameterization and simple climate models.’ J. Clim. Appl. Meteor., 1222–1232.
Suarez, M. J., and I. M. Held, 1979: ‘Sensitivity of an energy-balance climate model to variations in the orbital parameters.’ J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4825–4836.
Watts, R., and M. Hayder, 1984: ‘The effect of land-sea distribution on ice sheet formation.’ Annals. Glaciol., 5, 234–236.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
North, G.R. (1988). Lessons from Energy Balance Models. In: Schlesinger, M.E. (eds) Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change. NATO ASI Series, vol 243. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3043-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3043-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7868-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3043-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive