Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to restore damaged tissues in order to reverse disease progression and provide a sustainable solution that cures the root cause of the disease process. Although natural mechanisms of repair are ubiquitous, disruption of the homeostatic balance affects the equilibrium between health and disease due to insufficient tissue renewal in chronic degenerative conditions. Augmentation of the diseased tissue repair capacity through chimerism offers a strategy that spans all fields of medicine and surgery from natural chimerism for tissue rejuvenation, to surgical chimerism for organ replacement, to bioengineered chimerism for targeted regeneration. Technological breakthroughs in nuclear reprogramming now provide a platform to advance a broad range of solutions for regenerative medicine built on the foundation of pluripotent autologous stem cells. By optimizing the safety and effectiveness for stem cell production and ensuring tissue-specific differentiation of progenitors, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) offer an unprecedented opportunity to accelerate personalized applications with cell-based products to bioengineer health from disease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aasen T, Raya A, Barrero MJ et al (2008) Efficient and rapid generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes. Nat Biotechnol 26:1276–1284
Abdel-Latif A, Bolli R, Tleyjeh IM et al (2007) Adult bone marrow-derived cells for cardiac repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 167:989–997
Anversa P, Nadal-Ginard B (2002) Myocyte renewal and ventricular remodelling. Nature 415:240–243
Anversa P, Kajstura J, Leri A et al (2006) Life and death of cardiac stem cells: a paradigm shift in cardiac biology. Circulation 113:1451–1463
Aoi T, Yae K, Nakagawa M et al (2008) Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and stomach cells. Science 321:699–702
Atala A (2008) Advances in tissue and organ replacement. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 3:21–31
Banito A, Rashid ST, Acosta JC et al (2009) Senescence impairs successful reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells. Genes Dev 23:2134–2139
Barnard CN (1967) A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Capetown. S Afr Med J 41:1271
Bartunek J, Vanderheyden M, Wijns W et al (2007) Bone-marrow-derived cells for cardiac stem cell therapy: safe or still under scrutiny? Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 4(Suppl 1):S100–S105
Behfar A, Faustino RS, Arrell DK et al (2008) Guided stem cell cardiopoiesis: discovery and translation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 45:523–529
Bergmann O, Bhardwaj RD, Bernard S et al (2009) Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans. Science 324:98–102
Beyhan Z, Iager AE, Cibelli JB (2007) Interspecies nuclear transfer: implications for embryonic stem cell biology. Cell Stem Cell 1:502–512
Boland MJ, Hazen JL, Nazor KL et al (2009) Adult mice generated from induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 461:91–94
Byrne JA, Pedersen DA, Clepper LL et al (2007) Producing primate embryonic stem cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Nature 450:497–502
Carmeliet P, Ferreira V, Breier G et al (1996) Abnormal blood vessel development and lethality in embryos lacking a single VEGF allele. Nature 380:435–439
Carrel A, Guthrie CC (1905) The transplantation of veins and organs. Am Med 10:1101
Cortese DA (2007) A vision of individualized medicine in the context of global health. Clin Pharmacol Ther 82:491–493
Daley GQ, Scadden DT (2008) Prospects for stem cell-based therapy. Cell 132:544–548
Deb A, Wang S, Skelding KA et al (2003) Bone marrow-derived cardiomyocytes are present in adult human heart: a study of gender-mismatched bone marrow transplantation patients. Circulation 107:1247–1249
Deng J, Shoemaker R, Xie B et al (2009) Targeted bisulfite sequencing reveals changes in DNA methylation associated with nuclear reprogramming. Nat Biotechnol 27:353–360
Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM, Schneider MD (2005) Unchain my heart: the scientific foundations of cardiac repair. J Clin Invest 115:572–583
Dimos JT, Rodolfa KT, Niakan KK et al (2008) Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons. Science 321:1218–1221
Drexler H, Meyer GP, Wollert KC (2006) Bone-marrow-derived cell transfer after ST-elevation myocardial infarction: lessons from the BOOST trial. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 3(Suppl 1):S65–S68
Eminli S, Utikal J, Arnold K et al (2008) Reprogramming of neural progenitor cells into induced pluripotent stem cells in the absence of exogenous Sox2 expression. Stem Cells 26:2467–2474
Feng B, Jiang J, Kraus P et al (2009) Reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells with orphan nuclear receptor Esrrb. Nat Cell Biol 11:197–203
Foley AC, Gupta RW, Guzzo RM et al (2006) Embryonic heart induction. Ann NY Acad Sci 1080:85–96
Fraidenraich D, Stillwell E, Romero E et al (2004) Rescue of cardiac defects in id knockout embryos by injection of embryonic stem cells. Science 306:247–252
French AJ, Adams CA, Anderson LS et al (2008) Development of human cloned blastocysts following somatic cell nuclear transfer with adult fibroblasts. Stem Cells 26:485–493
Goldstein DJ, Oz MC, Rose EA (1998) Implantable left ventricular assist devices. N Engl J Med 339:1522–1533
Hagège AA, Marolleau JP, Vilquin JT et al (2006) Skeletal myoblast transplantation in ischemic heart failure: long-term follow-up of the first phase I cohort of patients. Circulation 114(1 Suppl):I108–I113
Hall VJ, Stojkovic M (2006) The status of human nuclear transfer. Stem Cell Rev 2:301–308
Hanna J, Wernig M, Markoulaki S et al (2007) Treatment of sickle cell anemia mouse model with iPS cells generated from autologous skin. Science 318:1920–1923
Hanna J, Markoulaki S, Schorderet P et al (2008) Direct reprogramming of terminally differentiated mature B lymphocytes to pluripotency. Cell 133:250–264
Hardy JD, Chavez CM, Kurrus FD et al (1964) Heart transplantation in man. JAMA 188:114
Hirashima M, Lu Y, Byers L et al (2003) Trophoblast expression of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is not required for the establishment of the maternal-fetal interface in the mouse placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:15637–15642
Hong H, Takahashi K, Ichisaka T et al (2009) Suppression of induced pluripotent stem cell generation by the p53-p21 pathway. Nature 460:1132–1135
Hsieh PC, Segers VF, Davis ME et al (2007) Evidence from a genetic fate-mapping study that stem cells refresh adult mammalian cardiomyocytes after injury. Nat Med 13:970–974
Huangfu D, Osafune K, Maehr R et al (2008) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from primary human fibroblasts with only Oct4 and Sox2. Nat Biotechnol 26:1269–1275
Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH et al (2009) 2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation 119:e391–e479
Jaenisch R, Young R (2008) Stem cells, the molecular circuitry of pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming. Cell 132:567–582
Jahangir A, Sagar S, Terzic A (2007) Aging and cardioprotection. J Appl Physiol 103:2120–2128
Janssens S, Dubois C, Bogaert J et al (2006) Autologous bone marrow-derived stem-cell transfer in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 367:113–121
Kaji K, Norrby K, Paca A et al (2009) Virus-free induction of pluripotency and subsequent excision of reprogramming factors. Nature 458:771–775
Kajstura J, Hosoda T, Bearzi C et al (2008a) The human heart: a self-renewing organ. Clin Transl Sci 1:80–86
Kajstura J, Urbanek K, Rota M et al (2008b) Cardiac stem cells and myocardial disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 45:505–513
Kattman SJ, Huber TL, Keller GM (2006) Multipotent flk-1+ cardiovascular progenitor cells give rise to the cardiomyocyte, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle lineages. Dev Cell 11:723–732
Kawamura T, Suzuki J, Wang YV et al (2009) Linking the p53 tumour suppressor pathway to somatic cell reprogramming. Nature 460:1140–1144
Kim JB, Zaehres H, Wu G et al (2008) Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by reprogramming with two factors. Nature 454:646–650
Kim D, Kim CH, Moon J et al (2009) Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by direct delivery of reprogramming proteins. Cell Stem Cell 6:472–476
Kørbling M, Estrov Z (2003) Adult stem cells for tissue repair – a new therapeutic concept? N Engl J Med 349:570–582
Kubo H, Jaleel N, Kumarapeli A et al (2008) Increased cardiac myocyte progenitors in failing human hearts. Circulation 118:649–657
Laird DJ, von Andrian UH, Wagers AJ (2008) Stem cell trafficking in tissue development, growth, and disease. Cell 132:612–630
Leri A, Kajstura J, Anversa P et al (2008) Myocardial regeneration and stem cell repair. Curr Probl Cardiol 33:91–153
Li JY, Christophersen NS, Hall V et al (2008) Critical issues of clinical human embryonic stem cell therapy for brain repair. Trends Neurosci 31:146–153
Li H, Collado M, Villasante A et al (2009) The Ink4/Arf locus is a barrier for iPS cell reprogramming. Nature 460:1136–1139
Loh Y, Agarwal S, Park I et al (2009) Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human blood. Blood 113:5476–5479
Lough J, Sugi Y (2000) Endoderm and heart development. Dev Dyn 217:327–342
Lower RR, Shumway NE (1960) Studies on the orthotopic homotransplantation of the canine heart. Surg Forum 11:18
Lunde K, Solheim S, Aakhus S (2007) Exercise capacity and quality of life after intracoronary injection of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells in acute myocardial infarction: results from the Autologous Stem cell Transplantation in Acute Myocardial Infarction (ASTAMI) randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 154:710.e1-8
Maehr R, Chen S, Snitow M et al (2009) Generation of pluripotent stem cells from patients with type 1 diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:15768–15773
Maherali N, Sridharan R, Xie W et al (2007) Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution. Cell Stem Cell 1:55–70
Marion RM, Strati K, Li H et al (2009a) A p53-mediated DNA damage response limits reprogramming to ensure iPS cell genomic integrity. Nature 460:1149–1153
Marion RM, Strati K, Li H et al (2009b) Telomeres acquire embryonic stem cell characteristics in induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 4:141–154
Martinez-Fernandez A, Nelson TJ, Yamada S et al (2009) iPS programmed without c-MYC yield proficient cardiogenesis for functional heart chimerism. Circ Res 105:648–656
Mauritz C, Schwanke K, Reppel M et al (2008) Generation of functional murine cardiac myocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells. Circulation 118:507–517
Meissner A, Wernig M, Jaenisch R (2007) Direct reprogramming of genetically unmodified fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 25:1177–1181
Menasché P, Hagège AA, Scorsin M et al (2001) Myoblast transplantation for heart failure. Lancet 357:279–280
Menasché P, Alfieri O, Janssens S et al (2008) The Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial: first randomized placebo-controlled study of myoblast transplantation. Circulation 117:1189–1200
Mikkelsen TS, Hanna J, Zhang X et al (2008) Dissecting direct reprogramming through integrative genomic analysis. Nature 454:49–55
Moretti A, Caron L, Nakano A et al (2006) Multipotent embryonic isl1+ progenitor cells lead to cardiac, smooth muscle, and endothelial cell diversification. Cell 127:1151–1165
Nagy A, Rossant J, Nagy R et al (1993) Derivation of completely cell culture-derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:8424–8428
Nakagawa M, Koyanagi M, Tanabe K et al (2008) Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells without Myc from mouse and human fibroblasts. Nat Biotechnol 26:101–106
Narazaki G, Uosaki H, Teranishi M et al (2008) Directed and systematic differentiation of cardiovascular cells from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Circulation 118:498–506
Nelson TJ, Terzic A (2009) Induced pluripotent stem cells: reprogrammed without a trace. Regen Med 4:333–355
Nelson TJ, Behfar A, Terzic A (2008a) Strategies for therapeutic repair: the “R3” regenerative medicine paradigm. Clin Transl Sci 1:168–171
Nelson TJ, Behfar A, Terzic A (2008b) Stem cells: biologics for regeneration. Clin Pharmacol Ther 84:620–623
Nelson TJ, Faustino RS, Chiriac A et al (2008c) CXCR4+/FLK-1+ biomarkers select a cardiopoietic lineage from embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 26:1464–1473
Nelson TJ, Behfar A, Terzic A (2009a) Regenerative medicine and stem cell therapeutics. In: Waldman SA, Terzic A (eds) Pharmacology and therapeutics: principles to practice. Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia
Nelson TJ, Behfar A, Yamada S et al (2009b) Stem cell platforms for regenerative medicine. Clin Transl Sci 2:222–227
Nelson TJ, Martinez-Fernandez A, Terzic A (2009c) KCNJ11 knockout morula re-engineered by stem cell diploid aggregation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 364:269–276
Nelson TJ, Martinez-Fernandez A, Yamada S et al (2009d) Repair of acute myocardial infarction with human stemness factors induced pluirpotent stem cells. Circulation 120:408–416
Nelson TJ, Martinez-Fernandez A, Yamada S et al (2010) Induced pluripotent stem cells: advances to applications. Stem Cells Cloning 3:29–37
Nishikawa S, Goldstein RA, Nierras CR (2008) The promise of human induced pluripotent stem cells for research and therapy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:725–729
Okita K, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S (2007) Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 448:313–317
Okita K, Nakagawa M, Hyenjong H et al (2008) Generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells without viral vectors. Science 322:949–953
Opie SR, Dib N (2006) Surgical and catheter delivery of autologous myoblasts in patients with congestive heart failure. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 3(Suppl 1):S42–S55
Oyer PE, Stinson EB, Jamieson SA et al (1983) Cyclosporin A in cardiac allografting: a preliminary experience. Transplant Proc 15:1247
Papapetrou EP, Tomishima MJ, Chambers SM et al (2009) Stoichiometric and temporal requirements of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc expression for efficient human iPSC induction and differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:12759–12764
Park IH, Arora N, Huo H et al (2008a) Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell 134:877–886
Park IH, Lerou PH, Zhao R et al (2008b) Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 3:1180–1186
Park IH, Zhao R, West JA et al (2008c) Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors. Nature 451:141–146
Perin EC, Dohmann HF, Borojevic R et al (2004) Improved exercise capacity and ischemia 6 and 12 months after transendocardial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 110(Suppl 1):II213–II218
Quaini F, Urbanek K, Beltrami AP et al (2002) Chimerism of the transplanted heart. N Engl J Med 346:5–15
Raya A, Rodríguez-Pizà I, Guenechea G et al (2009) Disease-corrected haematopoietic progenitors from Fanconi anaemia induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 460:53–59
Rosamond W, Flegal K, Furie K et al (2008) American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 117:e25–e146
Rose EA, Moskowitz AJ, Packer M et al (1999) The REMATCH trial: rationale, design, and end points. Randomized evaluation of mechanical assistance for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Ann Thorac Surg 67:723–730
Rosenthal N (2003) Prometheus’s vulture and the stem-cell promise. N Engl J Med 349:267–274
Rupp S, Koyanagi M, Iwasaki M et al (2008) Characterization of long-term endogenous cardiac repair in children after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J 29:1867–1872
Sánchez PL, San Román JA, Villa A et al (2006) Contemplating the bright future of stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 3(Suppl 1):S138–S151
Schächinger V, Assmus B, Britten MB et al (2004) Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction: final one-year results of the TOPCARE-AMI trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:1690–1699
Schächinger V, Erbs S, Elsässer A et al (2006) REPAIR-AMI investigators. Intracoronary bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 355:1210–1221
Schenke-Layland K, Rhodes KE, Angelis E et al (2008) Reprogrammed mouse fibroblasts differentiate into cells of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic lineages. Stem Cells 26:1537–1546
Schneider JS, Vitale JM, Terzic A et al (2009) Blastocyst injection of embryonic stem cells: a simple approach to unveil mechanisms of corrections in mouse models of human disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 5:369–377
Segers VF, Lee RT (2008) Stem-cell therapy for cardiac disease. Nature 451:937–942
Sha HY, Chen JQ, Chen J et al (2009) Fates of donor and recipient mitochondrial DNA during generation of interspecies SCNT-derived human ES-like cells. Cloning Stem Cells 11:497–507
Shi Y, Desponts C, Do JT et al (2008) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by Oct4 and Klf4 with small-molecule compounds. Cell Stem Cell 3:568–574
Silva J, Nichols J, Theunissen TW et al (2009) Nanog is the gateway to the pluripotent ground state. Cell 138:722–737
Srinivas G, Anversa P, Frishman WH (2009) Cytokines and myocardial regeneration: a novel treatment option for acute myocardial infarction. Cardiol Rev 17:1–9
Stadtfeld M, Nagaya M, Utikal J et al (2008) Induced pluripotent stem cells generated without viral integration. Science 322:945–949
Stillwell E, Vitale J, Zhao Q et al (2009) Blastocyst injection of wild type embryonic stem cells induces global corrections in mdx mice. PLoS One 4(3):e4759
Sun N, Panett NJ, Gupt DM et al (2009) Feeder-free derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from adult human adipose stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:15720–15725
Surani MA, McLaren A (2006) Stem cells: a new route to rejuvenation. Nature 443:284–285
Takahashi K, Yamanaka S (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126:663–676
Takahashi K, Okita K, Nakagawa M et al (2007a) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from fibroblast cultures. Nat Protoc 2:3081–3089
Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M et al (2007b) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131:861–872
Takeuchi JK, Bruneau BG (2009) Directed transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to heart tissue by defined factors. Nature 459:708–711
Tam PP, Rossant J (2003) Mouse embryonic chimeras: tools for studying mammalian development. Development 130:6155–6163
Taylor DO, Edwards LB, Aurora P et al (2008) Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-fifth official adult heart transplant report – 2008. J Heart Lung Transpl 27:943–956
Torella D, Ellison GM, Méndez-Ferrer S et al (2006) Resident human cardiac stem cells: role in cardiac cellular homeostasis and potential for myocardial regeneration. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 3(Suppl 1):S8–S13
Urbanek K, Torella D, Sheikh F et al (2005) Myocardial regeneration by activation of multipotent cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:8692–8697
Utikal J, Polo JM, Stadtfeld M et al (2009) Immortalization eliminates a roadblock during cellular reprogramming into iPS cells. Nature 460:1145–1148
Wakayama T, Tabar V, Rodriguez I et al (2001) Differentiation of embryonic stem cell lines generated from adult somatic cells by nuclear transfer. Science 292:740–743
Waldman SA, Terzic A (2007) Individualized medicine and the imperative of global health. Clin Pharmacol Ther 82:479–483
Waldman SA, Terzic A (2008) Therapeutic targeting: a crucible for individualized medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 83:651–654
Waldman SA, Terzic MR, Terzic A (2007) Molecular medicine hones therapeutic arts to science. Clin Pharmacol Ther 82:343–347
Wernig M, Zhao JP, Pruszak J et al (2008) Neurons derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts functionally integrate into the fetal brain and improve symptoms of rats with Parkinson’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:5856–5861
Woltjen K, Michael IP, Mohseni P et al (2009) PiggyBac transposition reprograms fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 458:766–770
Wood SA, Allen ND, Rossant J et al (1993a) Non-injection methods for the production of embryonic stem cell-embryo chimaeras. Nature 365:87–89
Wood SA, Pascoe WS, Schmidt C et al (1993b) Simple and efficient production of embryonic stem cell-embryo chimeras by coculture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:4582–4585
Xu D, Alipio Z, Fink LM et al (2009) Phenotypic correction of murine hemophilia a using an iPS cell-based therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:808–813
Yamada S, Nelson TJ, Behfar A et al (2009) Stem cell transplant into preimplantation embryo yields myocardial infarction-resistant adult phenotype. Stem Cells 27:1697–1705
Yamanaka S (2007) Strategies and new developments in the generation of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 1:39–49
Yamanaka S (2008) Pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 363:2079–2087
Yamanaka S (2009a) A fresh look at iPS cells. Cell 137:13–17
Yamanaka S (2009b) Ekiden to iPS cells. Nat Med 15:1145–1148
Yamanaka S (2009c) Elite and stochastic models for induced pluripotent stem cell generation. Nature 460:49–52
Yang X, Smith SL, Tian XC et al (2007) Nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos and its implications for therapeutic cloning. Nat Genet 39:295–302
Yang L, Soonpaa MH, Adler ED et al (2008) Human cardiovascular progenitor cells develop from a KDR+ embryonic-stem-cell-derived population. Nature 453:524–852
Ye Z, Zhan H, Mali P et al (2009) Human induced pluripotent stem cells from blood cells of healthy donors and patients with acquired blood disorders. Blood 114(27):5473–5480
Yokoo N, Baba S, Kaichi S et al (2009) The effects of cardioactive drugs on cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 387:482–488
Yu J, Vodyanik MA, Smuga-Otto K et al (2007) Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 318:1917–1920
Yu J, Hu K, Smuga-Otto K et al (2009) Human induced pluripotent stem cells free of vector and transgene sequences. Science 324:797–801
Zhang J, Wilson GF, Soerens AG et al (2009) Functional cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Circ Res 104:e30–e41
Zhao XY, Li W, Lv Z et al (2009) iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation. Nature 461:86–90
Zhou H, Wu S, Joo JY et al (2009) Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteins. Cell Stem Cell 4:381–384
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nelson, T.J., Martinez-Fernandez, A., Yamada, S., Terzic, A. (2013). Regenerative Chimerism Bioengineered Through Stem Cell Reprogramming. In: Steinhoff, G. (eds) Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-5689-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-5690-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)