Skip to main content

Pyrogeography: Mapping and Understanding the Spatial Patterns of Wildfire

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Geospatial Technologies in Environmental Management

Part of the book series: Geotechnologies and the Environment ((GEOTECH,volume 3))

Abstract

Wildland fires are a significant and growing problem for many communities. Simultaneously, fire is increasingly seen as an important component of natural ecosystems. As human development continues to encroach on wildland areas we will see more conflicts between allowing fire in ecosystems and human development. Geotechnologies such as remote sensing, GIS, and Dendrochronology are increasingly important in improving our understanding of the complex processes involved and the complicated social issues that accompany human interaction with wildland fire. Pyrogeography is an emerging approach that brings together many disciplines and techniques to help elucidate the spatial and temporal patterns that can help us better understand wildland fire. This chapter explores the key concepts necessary to understand current spatial research in fire ecology, spatial computer fire models, and some of the spatial data sets that are used in wildland fire research in the United States.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Albini FA (1976) Estimating wildfire behavior and effects. USDA US For Ser Gen Tech Rep INT-30, Ogden, UT

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson HE (1982) Aids to determining fuel models for estimating fire behavior. USDA US For Ser Gen Tech Rep INT-122, Ogden, UT

    Google Scholar 

  • Aplet GH, Wilmer B (2003) The wildland fire challenge: focus on reliable data community protection and ecological restoration. The Wilderness Society, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond WJ, Keeley JE (2005) Fire as a global ‘herbivore’: the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 20:387–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheney P (1990) Quantifying bushfires. Math Comput Model 13:9–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chuvieco E, Congalton RG (1988) Mapping and inventory of forest fires from digital processing of TM data. Geocarto Int 4:41–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins JB, Woodcock CE (1996) An assessment of several linear change detection techniques for mapping forest mortality using multitemporal Landsat TM data. Remote Sens Environ 56:66–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Covington WW, Fule´ PZ, Moore MM, Hart SC, Kolb TE, Mast JN, Sackett SS, Wagner MR (1997) Restoring ecosystem health in ponderosa pine forests of the Southwest. J For 95:23–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Finney MA (1998) FARSITE: fire area simulator–model development and evaluation. USDA US For Ser Res Pap RMRS-RP-4, Ogden, UT

    Google Scholar 

  • Finney MA (2006) An overview of FlamMap fire modeling capabilities. USDA US Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-41, Fort Collins, CO

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill AM (1975) Fire and the Australian flora: a review. Aust For 38:4–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green K, Finney MA, Campbell J, Weinstein D, Landrum V (1995) Fire! using GIS to predict fire behavior. J For 93(5):21–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley JE (2009) Fire intensity, fire severity and burn severity: a brief review and suggested usage. Int J Wildland Fire 18(1):116–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Key CH, Benson NC (1999) Measuring and remote sensing of burn severity: the CBI and NBR. Poster abstract. In: Neuenschwander LF, Ryan KC (eds) Proceedings joint fire science conference and workshop, Vol. II. Boise, Idaho, pp 15–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Key CH, Benson NC (2006). Landscape assessment: ground measure of severity, the composite burn index; and remote sensing of severity, the normalized burn ratio. In: Lutes DC, Keane RE, Caratti JF, Key CH, Benson, Sutherland NCS, Gangi LJ (2006) FIREMON: fire effects monitoring and inventory system. USDA For Ser Gen Tech Rep RMRS-GTR-164-CD

    Google Scholar 

  • Key CH, Zhu Z, Ohlen D, Howard S, McKinley R, Benson N (2002) The normalized burn ratio and relationships to burn severity: ecology, remote sensing and implementation. In: Greer JD (ed) Rapid delivery of remote sensing products. Proceedings of the 9th forest service remote sensing applications conference, San Diego, CA 8–12 April 2002. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Bethesda, MD

    Google Scholar 

  • Lentile LB, Holden ZA, Smith AMS, Falkowski MJ, Hudak AT, Morgan P, Lewis SA, Gessler PE, Benson NC (2006) Remote sensing techniques to assess active fire characteristics and post-fire effects. Int J Wildland Fire 15:319–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loboda T, O’Neal KJ, Csiszar I (2007) Regionally adaptable dNBR-based algorithm for burned area mapping from MODIS data. Remote Sens Environ 109(4):429–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López MJ, Caselles V (1991) Mapping burns and natural reforestation using Thematic Mapper data. Geocarto Int 6:31–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Medler MJ, Yool SR (1997) Improving thematic mapper based classification of wildfire induced vegetation mortality. Geocarto Int 12:49–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan P, Hardy C, Swetnam TW, Rollins MG, Long DG (2001) Mapping fire regimes across time and space: understanding coarse and fine-scale patterns. Intl J Wildland Fire 10(3–4):329–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson MW, Yool SR (1998) Mapping fire-induced vegetation mortality using landsat thematic mapper data: a comparison of linear transformation techniques. Remote Sens Environ 65:132–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Provencher L, Blankenship K, Smith J, Campbell J, Polly M (2009) Comparing locally derived and LANDFIRE geo-layers in the Great Basin, USA. Fire Ecol 5(2):126–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randerson JT, Liu H, Flanner MG, Chambers SD, Jin Y, Hess PG, Pfister G, Mack MC, Treseder KK, Welp LR, Chapin FS, Harden JW, Goulden, ML, Lyons E, Neff JC, Schuur EAG, Zender CS (2006) The impact of boreal forest fire on climate warming. Sci 314(5802): 1130–1132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogan J, Franklin J (2001) Mapping wildfire burn severity in southern California forests and shrublands using enhanced thematic mapper imagery. Geocarto Int 16(4):91–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rollins MG (2009) LANDFIRE: a nationally consistent vegetation, wildland fire, and fuel assessment. Int J Wildland Fire 18:235–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothermel RC (1972) A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. USDA US For Ser Gen Tech Rep INT-115, Ogden, UT

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy DP, Jin Y, Lewis PE, Justice CO (2005) Prototyping a global algorithm for systematic fire-affected area mapping using MODIS time series data. Remote Sens Environ 97(2):137–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roy DR, Boschetti L, Trigg S (2006) Remote sensing of fire severity: assessing the performance of the normalized burn ratio. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens Lett 3(1):112–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott JH, Burgan RE (2005) Standard fire behavior fuel models: a comprehensive set for use with Rothermel’s surface fire spread model. USDA US For Ser Gen Tech Rep RMRS-GTR-153, Fort Collins, CO

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens SL, Ruth LW (2005) Federal forest-fire policy in the United States. Ecol Appl 15: 532–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stratton RD (2004) Assessing the effectiveness of landscape fuel treatments on fire growth and behavior. J For 102(7):32–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Swetnam TW, Allen CD, Betancourt JL (1999) Applied historical ecology: using the past to manage for the future. Ecol Appl 9:1189–1206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swetnam TW, Betancourt JL (1990) Fire-Southern oscillation relations in the Southwestern United States. Sci 249(4972):1017–1020

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Jacob Lesser for his assistance with the graphics for this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael J. Medler .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Netherlands

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Medler, M.J. (2010). Pyrogeography: Mapping and Understanding the Spatial Patterns of Wildfire. In: Hoalst-Pullen, N., Patterson, M. (eds) Geospatial Technologies in Environmental Management. Geotechnologies and the Environment, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9525-1_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics