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Cancer Biomarkers (An Overview)

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Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis

Part of the book series: Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis ((HAYAT,volume 7))

Abstract

Many cancer patients are diagnosed at a stage in which the cancer is too far advanced to be cured, and most cancer treatments are effective in only a minority of patients undergoing therapy. There is thus a tremendous opportunity to improve the outcome for people with cancer by enhancing detection and treatment approaches, and biomarker is instrumental in making that transition. A biomarker is defined as any characteristic that can be objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological response to a therapeutic intervention. A cancer biomarker is any substance that is measured biologically and associated with an increased risk of cancer. These indicators could include a broad range of biochemical entities, such as nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, small metabolites, whole cells or biophysical characteristics of tissues. Because of the heterogeneity among diseases and patients, recharacteri­zation of cancer in pathophysiological terms via biomarker is a key to the future of medicine. Detection of cancer biomarkers can be accomplished by a wide variety of methods, ranging from biochemical anal­ysis of blood or tissue samples to biomedical imaging. There has been much interest in biomarkers of cancer risk in predicting future patterns of neoplasm, especially as cancer treatment has made such positive strides in the last few years. Successful development of cost effective tests has a profound impact on how cancer is detected, diagnosed, and treated; thus, could reduce the economic burden of cancer.

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  1. Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Room 1305, 13/F, Block R, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR

    William C. S. Cho

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  1. Dept. Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, 07083, USA

    M. A. Hayat

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Cho, W.C.S. (2010). Cancer Biomarkers (An Overview). In: Hayat, M. (eds) Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3186-0_2

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