Skip to main content

Late Relapse of Germ Cell Malignancies: Incidence, Management, and Prognosis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis

Part of the book series: Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis ((HAYAT,volume 7))

Abstract

Half a century ago, 2 years of relapse-free survival after treatment of malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs) were considered equivalent to cure. This view prevailed beyond the introduction of cisplatin in the 1980s until Terebelo et al. (1983) published the first series of late relapse testicular cancer patients. Nowadays, the potential of germ cell tumors to recur many years after apparently successful state-of-the-art treatment is increasingly recognized, and is regarded as one of the most important challenges regarding the long-term cure of these neoplasms in today’s clinical oncology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 269.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 349.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aparicio J, Garcia del Muro X, Maroto P, Paz-Ares L, Alba E, Saenz A, Terrasa J, Barnadas A, Almenar D, Arranz JA, Sanchez M, Fernandez A, Sastre J, Carles J, Dorca J, Guma J, Yuste AL, and Germa JR (2003) Multicenter study evaluating a dual policy of postorchiectomy surveillance and selective adjuvant single-agent carboplatin for patients with clinical stage I seminoma. Ann Oncol 14:867-872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baniel J, Foster RS, Gonin R, Messemer JE, Donohue JP, and Einhorn LH (1995) Late relapse of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 13:1170-1176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borge N, Fosså SD, Ous S, Stenwig AE, Lien HH (1988) Late recurrence of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 6:1248-1253

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver BS, Shayegan B, Eggener S, Stasi J, Motzer RJ, Bosl GJ, and Sheinfeld J (2007) Incidence of metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor outside the boundaries of a modified postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. J Clin Oncol 25:4365-4369

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Santis M, Becherer A, Bokemeyer C, Stoiber F, Oechsle K, Sellner F, Lang A, Kletter K, Dohmen BM, Dittrich C, and Pont J (2004) 2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography is a reliable predictor for viable tumor in postchemotherapy seminoma: an update of the prospective multicentric SEMPET trial. J Clin Oncol 22:1034-1039

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dieckmann KP, Albers P, Classen J, De Wit M, Pichlmeier U, Rick O, Mullerleile U, and Kuczyk M (2005) Late relapse of testicular germ cell neoplasms: a descriptive analysis of 122 cases. J Urol 173:824-829

    Google Scholar 

  • Fizazi K, Tjulandin S, Salvioni R, Germà-Lluch JR, Bouzy J, Ragan D, Bokemeyer C, Gerl A, Fléchon A, de Bono JS, Stenning S, Horwich A, Pont J, Albers P, De Giorgi U, Bower M, Bulanov A, Pizzocaro G, Aparicio J, Nichols CR, Théodore C, Hartmann JT, Schmoll HJ, Kaye SB, Culine S, Droz JP, and Mahé C (2001) Viable malignant cells after primary chemotherapy for disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: prognostic factors and role of postsurgery chemotherapy—results from an international study group. J Clin Oncol 19:2647-2657

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geldart TR, Gale J, McKendrick J, Kirby J, and Mead G (2006) Late relapse of metastatic testicular nonseminomatous germ cell cancer: surgery is needed for cure. BJU Int 98:353-358

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • George DW, Foster RS, Hromas RA, Robertson KA, Vance GH, Ulbright TM, Gobbett TA, Heiber DJ, Heerema NA, Ramsey HC, Thurston VC, Jung SH, Shen JZ, Finch DE, Kelley MP, and Einhorn LH (2003) Update on late relapse of germ cell tumor: a clinical and molecular analysis. J Clin Oncol 21:113-122

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerl A, Clemm C, Schmeller N, Hentrich M, Lamerz R, and Wilmanns W (1997) Late relapse of germ cell tumors after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 8:41-47

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Donadio A, Bajorin D, Marion S, Sheinfeld J, Bosl GJ, and Motzer RJ (2005) Combination of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin is an effective second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 23:6549-6555

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JM, Panzarella T, Zwahlen DR, and Chung P, Warde P (2007) Evidence-based guidelines for following stage 1 seminoma. Cancer 109:2248-2256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michael H, Lucia J, Foster RS, and Ulbright TM (2000) The pathology of late recurrence of testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 24:257-273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oldenburg J, Alfsen GC, Lien HH, Aass N, Waehre H, and Fossa SD (2003) Postchemotherapy retroperitoneal surgery remains necessary in patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer and minimal residual tumor masses. J Clin Oncol 21:3310-3317

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oldenburg J, Alfsen GC, Waehre H, amd Fossa SD (2006) Late recurrences of germ cell malignancies: a population-based experience over three decades. Br J Cancer 94:820-827

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver RTD, Mason MD, Mead GM, von der Maase H, Rustin GJS, Joffe JK, de Wit R, Aass N, Graham JD, Coleman R, Kirk SJ, and Stenning SP (2005) Radiotherapy versus single-dose carboplatin in adjuvant treatment of stage I seminoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 366:293-300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford E, Ferguson J, Geldart T, Mead G, Smart J, and Tung K (2006) Late relapse of metastatic non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours. Clin Radiol 61:907-915

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shahidi M, Norman AR, Dearnaley DP, Nicholls J, Horwich A, and Huddart RA (2002) Late recurrence in 1263 men with testicular germ cell tumors. Multivariate analysis of risk factors and implications for management. Cancer 95:520-530

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp DS, Carver BS, Eggener SE, Kondagunta GV, Motzer RJ, Bosl GJ, and Sheinfeld J (2006) Clinical outcome of patients managed for late relapse of germ cell tumor. J Clin Oncol 24:4550

    Google Scholar 

  • Terebelo HR, Taylor HG, Brown A, Martin N, Stutz FH, Blom J, and Geier L (1983) Late relapse of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 1:566-571

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warde P, Specht L, Horwich A, Oliver T, Panzarella T, Gospodarowicz M, and von der Masse H (2002) Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I seminoma managed by surveillance: a pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol 20:4448-4452

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Oldenburg .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Oldenburg, J., Fossa, S.D. (2010). Late Relapse of Germ Cell Malignancies: Incidence, Management, and Prognosis. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3186-0_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3186-0_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3185-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3186-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics