Abstract
A tumor is a proliferation of clones of a single cell that ultimately come to comprise heterogeneous cell populations as proliferation progresses and additional genetic abnormalities arise. Under these conditions, the capacity to sustain tumor formation and growth is restricted to a small population of cells with high tumorigenic ability, called cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells. Such cells have been identified in various malignancies, including leukemia, and brain, breast, colon, prostate, pancreas, and head and neck cancers. This chapter reviews the concept of cancer stem cells and recent advances in cancer stem cell research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abraham BK, Fritz P, McClellan M, Hauptvogel P, Athelogou M, Brauch H (2005) Prevalence of CD44+/CD24-/low cells in breast cancer may not be associated with clinical outcome but may favor distant metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 11:1154-1159
Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF (2003) Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:3983-3988
Bachoo RM, Maher EA, Ligon KL, Sharpless NE, Chan SS, You MJ, Tang Y, DeFrances J, Stover E, Weissleder R, Rowitch DH, Louis DN, DePinho RA (2002) Epidermal growth factor receptor and Ink4a/Arf: convergent mechanisms governing terminal differentiation and transformation along the neural stem cell to astrocyte axis. Cancer Cell 1:269-277
Bonnet D, Dick JE (1997) Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med 3:730-737
Calabrese C, Poppleton H, Kocak M, Hogg TL, Fuller C, Hamner B, Oh EY, Gaber MW, Finklestein D, Allen M, Frank A, Bayazitov IT, Zakharenko SS, Gajjar A, Davidoff A, Gilbertson RJ (2007) A perivascular niche for brain tumor stem cells. Cancer Cell 11:69-82
Cohnheim J (1867) Ueber entzundung und eiterung. Path Anat Physiol Klin Med 40:1-79
Collins AT, Berry PA, Hyde C, Stower MJ, Maitland NJ (2005) Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 65:10946-10951
Cui H, Horon IL, Ohlsson R, Hamilton SR, Feinberg AP (1998) Loss of imprinting in normal tissue of colorectal cancer patients with microsatellite instability. Nat Med 4:1276-1280
Cui H, Cruz-Correa M, Giardiello FM, Hutcheon DF, Kafonek DR, Brandenburg S, Wu Y, He X, Powe NR, Feinberg AP (2003) Loss of IGF2 imprinting: a potential marker of colorectal cancer risk. Science 299:1753-1755
Gaudet F, Hodgson JG, Eden A, Jackson-Grusby L, Dausman J, Gray JW, Leonhardt H, Jaenisch R (2003) Induction of tumors in mice by genomic hypomethylation. Science 300:489-492
Ikeda JI, Morii E, Kimura H, Tomita Y, Takakuwa T, Hasegawa J, Kim YK, Miyoshi Y, Noguchi S, Nishida T, Aozasa K (2006) Epigenetic regulation of the expression of the novel stem cell marker CDCP1 in cancer cells. J Pathol 210:75-84
Jackson M, Krassowska A, Gilbert N, Chevassut T, Forrester L, Ansell J, Ramsahoye B (2004) Severe global DNA hypomethylation blocks differentiation and induces histone hyperacetylation in embryonic stem cells. Mol Cell Biol 24:8862-8871
Jaiswal S, Traver D, Miyamoto T, Akashi K, Lagasse E, Weissman IL (2003) Expression of BCR/ABL and BCL-2 in myeloid progenitors leads to myeloid leukemias. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:10002-10007
Jamieson CH, Ailles LE, Dylla SJ, Muijtjens M, Jones C, Zehnder JL, Gotlib J, Li K, Manz MG, Keating A, Sawyers CL, Weissman IL (2004) Granulocyte-macrophage progenitors as candidate leukemic stem cells in blast-crisis CML. N Engl J Med 351:657-667
Jones PA, Baylin B (2002) The fundamental role of epigenetic events in cancer. Nat Rev 3:415-428
Kimura H, Morii E, Ikeda J, Ezoe S, Xu JX, Nakamichi N, Tomita Y, Shibayama H, Kanakura Y, Aozasa K (2006) Role of DNA methylation for expression of novel stem cell marker CDCP1 in hematopoietic cells. Leukemia 20:1551-1556
Kondo T, Setoguchi T, Taga T (2004) Persistence of a small subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells in the C6 glioma cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:781-786
Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J, Murdoch B, Hoang T, Caceres-Cortes J, Minden M, Paterson B, Caligiuri MA, Dick JE (1994) A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice. Nature 367:645-648
Li C, Heidt DG, Dalerba P, Burant CF, Zhang L, Adsay V, Wicha M, Clarke MF, Simeone DM (2007) Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 67:1030-1037
Little MP, Boice JD Jr (1999) Comparison of breast cancer incidence in the Massachusetts tuberculosis fluoroscopy cohort and in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Radiat Res 151:218-224
Lin KK, Goodell MA (2006) Purification of hematopoietic stem cells using the side population. Methods Enzymol 420:255-264
Matsui W, Huff CA, Wang Q, Malehorn MT, Barber J, Tanhehco Y, Smith BD, Civin CI, Jones RJ (2004) Characterization of clonogenic multiple myeloma cells. Blood 103:2332-2336
O’Brien CA, Pollett A, Gallinger S, Dick JE (2007) A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Nature 445:106-110
Patrawala L, Calhoun T, Schneider-Broussard R, Zhou J, Claypool K, Tang DG (2005) Side population is enriched in tumorigenic, stem-like cancer cells, whereas ABCG2+ and ABCG2- cancer cells are similarly tumorigenic. Cancer Res 65:6207-6219
Pierce GB (1967) Teratocarcinoma: model for a developmental concept of cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol 2:223-246
Prince ME, Sivanandan R, Kaczorowski A, Wolf GT, Kaplan MJ, Dalerba P, Weissman IL, Clarke MF, Ailles LE (2007) Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:973-978
Reik W, Dean W, Walter J (2001) Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development. Science 293:1089-1093
Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, Weissman IL (2001) Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature 414:105-111
Ruben RL, Rafferty KA (1978) Colony formation by simian virus 40-transformed human parapharyngeal cells cultured in semisolid agar. J Natl Cancer Inst 61:993-1000
Shipitsin M, Campbell LL, Argani P, Weremowicz S, Bloushtain-Qimron N, Yao J, Nikolskaya T, Serebryiskaya T, Beroukhim R, Hu M, Halushka MK, Sukumar S, Parker LM, Anderson KS, Harris LN, Garber JE, Richardson AL, Schnitt SJ, Nikolsky Y, Gelman RS, Polyak K (2007) Molecular definition of breast tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Cell 11:259-273
Singh SK, Clarke ID, Hide T, Dirks PB (2004) Cancer stem cells in nervous system tumors. Oncogene 23:7267-7273
Southam CM, Brunschwig A (1960) Quantitative studies of autotransplantation of human cancer. Cancer 14:971-978
Vescovi AL, Galli R, Reynolds BA (2006) Brain tumour stem cells. Nat Rev Cancer 6:425-436
Wagers AJ, Weissman IL (2004) Plasticity of adult stem cells. Cell 116:639-648
Wang JC, Lapidot T, Cashman JD, Doedens M, Addy L, Sutherland DR, Nayar R, Laraya P, Minden M, Keating A, Eaves AC, Eaves CJ, Dick JE (1998) High level engraftment of NOD/SCID mice by primitive normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. Blood 91:2406-2414
Xu JX, Morii E, Liu Y, Nakamichi N, Ikeda J, Kimura H, Aozasa K (2007) High tolerance to apoptotic stimuli induced by serum depletion and ceramide in side-population cells: high expression of CD55 as a novel character for side-population. Exp Cell Res 313:1877-1885
Yilmaz OH, Valdez R, Theisen BK, Guo W, Ferguson DO, Wu H, Morrison SJ (2006) PTEN dependence distinguishes hematopoietic stem cells from leukemia-initiating cells. Nature 441:475-482
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Morii, E., Aozasa, K. (2010). Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3186-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3186-0_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3185-3
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3186-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)