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The polyamines (PAs) putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) exist as free (soluble; S-), or as conjugated to small (SH-) or to large (PH-) molecules. Increasing evidence supports that PAs represent important intrinsic developmental signals, which may affect developmental processes that range from cell division and morphogenesis to stress responses (Perez-Amador et al. 2002, Fos et al. 2003, Arias et al. 2005, Paschalidis et al. 2001, Paschalidis and Roubelakis-Angelakis 2005a, b, Cona et al. 2006, Vuosku et al. 2006, Kusano et al. 2007, Agalou et al. 2008, Moschou et al. 2008a, b, c).

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Paschalidis, K., Moschou, P., Aziz, A., Toumi, I., Roubelakis-Angelakis, K. (2009). Polyamines in Grapevine: An Update. In: Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. (eds) Grapevine Molecular Physiology & Biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2305-6_8

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